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Dimethylglycine

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Updated 21/12/2022

What is dimethylglycine?

Dimethylglycine is formed from betaine during the betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase reaction. It is further degraded to monomethylglycine (sarcosine). Plasma dimethylglycine is associated with risk of acute myocardial infarction in patients with stable angina pectoris (2, 3).
Method: LC-MS/MS.

Indication(s)

Assessment of choline and one-carbon status. Assessment of cardiovascular risk.

Specimen, collection and processing

Matrix: EDTA plasma is preferred if sarcosine is not measured simultaneously.
Volume: Minimum volume is 50 µL, but 200 µL is optimal and allows reanalysis.
Preparation and stability: The blood sample must be centrifuged and the plasma/serum fraction put on ice, and frozen.

Transportation

Frozen, on dry ice. (for general instruction on transportation, click here)

Reported values, interpretation

Reported values: 1.5-5 µmol/L
Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.64.

Literature

1. Midttun, O., Kvalheim, G., and Ueland, P.M. (2013). High-throughput, low-volume, multianalyte quantification of plasma metabolites related to one-carbon metabolism using HPLC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 405, 2009-017.
2. Svingen, G.F., Ueland, P.M., Pedersen, E.K., Schartum-Hansen, H., Seifert, R., Ebbing, M., Løland, K.H., Tell, G.S., and Nygård, O. (2013). Plasma Dimethylglycine and Risk of Incident Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 33, 2041-48.
3. Svingen, G.F., Schartum-Hansen, H., Ueland, P.M., Pedersen, E.R., Seifert, R., Ebbing, M., Bønaa, K.H., Mellgren, G., Nilsen, D.W., et al. (2015). Elevated plasma dimethylglycine is a risk marker of mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 22, 743-752

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Cardiometabolic
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Categories

Amino acids, amino acid catabolites, acylcarnitines, TCA metabolites, ketone bodies, AGEs

Kynurenines, proteins, ratio-derived metabolites



SCFAs, indoles, choline metabolites, amino acid derived



B-vitamins, functional markers, and methyl donors, fat-soluble vitamins, essential amino acids, meat & fish intake, tobacco use & coffee intake
Biomarkers
65
18
20
41
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Amino acids: Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Kynurenine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Ornithine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Sarcosine, Serine, Threonine, Total cysteine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine

Amino acids and catabolites: 2-Aminoadipic acid, 2-Hydroxybutyrate, 3-Hydroxysiobutyrate, α-Hydroxyglutaric acid, β-Alanine, β-Aminoisobutyrate, β-Hydroxy B-methylbutyric acid, Phenylacetylglutamine

Acylcarnities: BB, C0, C2, C3, C3, DC, C4, C4-OH , C4-DC , iC5 , C5-DC, C5:1 , C6 , C8, C10, C12, C14 , C14-OH, C16, C16-OH, C18 , C18-OH, C18:1, C18:2

TCA metabolites: α-Ketoglutarate, Citrate, Fumarate, Isocitrate, Lactate, Malate, Pyruvate, Ketone bodies, 3-Hydroxybutyrate, Acetoacetate

AGEs: Carboxyethyllysine, Carboxymethyllysine

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Kynurenines: Kynurenine, Kynurenic acid, Quinaldic acid, Anthranilic acid, 3-Hydroxykynurenine, Xanthurenic acid, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, Picolinic acid, Quinolinic acid, Nicotinic acid, Nicotinamide, N1-methylnicotinamide

Neopterin

Proteins: C-Reactive protein, Calprotectin, Serum Amyloid A

Ratio-derived: Kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, PAr index (PLP, PL, PA)

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SCFAs: Acetate, Butyrate, Formate, Isobutyrate, Isovalerate, Propionate, Valerate, α-Methylbutyrate

Indoles: 3-Indoxyl sulfate, Imidazole propionate, Indole-3-acetamide, Indole-3-acetate, Indole-3-aldehyde, Indole-3-lactate, Indole-3-propionate

Choline metabolites: Choline ,Betaine, DMG, TMAO

Amino acid derived: Phenylacetylglutamine

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B-vitamins, functional markers, and methyl donors: 4-Pyridoxic acid, Betaine, Choline, Cobalamin, Flavin mononucleotide, Folate, Methylmalonic acid, N1-methylnicotinamide, Nicotinamide, Nicotinic acid, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Pyridoxine, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Thiamine monophosphate, Total homocysteine

Fat-soluble vitamins: 25-hydroxy vitamin D2, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, α-Tocopherol (Vit. E), All-trans retinol (Vit. A), Phylloquinone (Vit. K1), y-Tocopherol (Vit. E)

Essential amino acids: Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine

Meat and fish intake: 1-Methylhistidine, 3-Methylhistidine, B-Alanine, Creatine, Creatinine, TMAO

Tobacco use and coffee intake: Cotinine, Trans-3-hydroxycotinine, Trigonelline

Volume (ul)
150
100
200
200
Analytical technique
GC- and LC-MS/MS
LC- and MALDI-MS
GC- and LC-MS/MS
GC- and LC-MS/MS
Turnaround time (weeks)
1
1
1
1
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