Methods

Multianalyte determination is carried out in a single aliquot. Volume requirement is independent of the number of metabolites. ”Reported values” are not strictly ”normal reference range”, which depends on the population, and several factors, including age, gender, ethnicity and procedures for sample handling and analytical technology. ”Reported values” are concentrations that we and others have observed or reported for serum/plasma in various cohorts. The metabolites are grouped into classes.

Home > Biomarkers > By platforms > Methods

BEVITAL platforms A – I

TCA metabolites and intermediates. Short-chain fatty acids.
GC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

All concentrations are reported as µmol/L; move cursor over header for more information.

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	Matrix
Citrate	Cit	Tricarboxylic acid	311	90-200	s, p
Isocitrate	iCit	Tricarboxylic acid	1198	2-22	s, p, csf
α-Ketoglutarate	aKG	Keto acid	51	2-40	s, p, csf
Fumarate	Fum	Dicarboxylic acid	444972	0.5-4	s, p, csf
Malate	Mal	β-Hydroxy acid	525	2-21	s, p, csf
Pyruvate	Pyr	α-Keto acid	1060	80-160	s, p, csf
Lactate	Lac	α-Hydroxy acid	612	500-1600	s, p, csf
Formate	Frm	Short-chain fatty acid	284	8-100	s, p, csf
Acetate	Ace	Short-chain fatty acid	175-176	80-300	s, p
Propionate	Pro	Short-chain fatty acid	1042	1-13	s, p
Butyrate	But	Short-chain fatty acid	264	1-30	s, p
Isobutyrate	iBut	Short-chain fatty acid	6590	0.7-6	s, p, csf
Valerate	Vlr	Short-chain fatty acid	7991	0.2-1	s, p
Isovalerate	iVlr	Short-chain fatty acid	10430	0.3-3	s, p
α-Methylbutyrate	aMB	Short-chain fatty acid	8314	0.3-3	s, p

Amino- and carboxylic acids.
GC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

All concentrations are reported as µmol/L; move cursor over header for more information.

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
Methylmalonic acid	MMA	Carboxylic acid	487	<0.26	0.03	2.4	3	0.81	s, p, u
Total homocysteine	tHcy	Sulfur amino acid	91552	5-15	0.1	1.4	2.7	0.72	s, p, u
Total cysteine	tCys	Sulfur amino acid	5862	150-350	50	1	2	0.62	s, p, u
Methionine	Met	Essential amino acid	6137	18-50	1	2.2	4.1	0.33	s, p, u
Serine	Ser	Polar amino acid	5951	95-125	5	1.3	1.7	0.71	s, p, u
Glycine	Gly	Hydrophobic amino acid	750	200-300	3	1.3	1.7	0.81	s, p, u
Cystathionine	Cysta	Thioether	439258	<0.4	0.02	2.3	2.9	0.63	s, p, u
Sarcosine*	Sarc	Methylated amino acid	1088	0.7-2.3	0.035	1.3	1.6	0.68	s, p, u
Histidine	His	Essential amino acid	6274	50-100	1	2	3	na	s, p, u
Tryptophan	Trp	Essential aromatic amino acid	6305	40-90	0.1	1.6	2.6	0.51	s, p, u
Kynurenine	Kyn	Trp metabolite	161166	1.0-3.0	0.12	1.9	2.3	0.68	s, p, u
Ornithine	Orn	Charged amino acid	6262	30-90	1	2.2	2.7		s, p, u
Aspartic acid	Asp	Charged amino acid	5960	0-26	0.5	1.8	4		s, p, u
Glutamic acid	Glu	Charged amino acid	33032	20-140	0.5	1.7	2.7		s, p, u
Lysine	Lys	Essential amino acid	5962	120-290	1.2	1.4	1.9		s, p, u
Alanine	Ala	Hydrophobic amino acid	5950	230-510	1	1.2	1.4		s, p, u
Phenylalanine	Phe	Essential aromatic amino acid	6140	26-85	0.5	1.5	3		s, p, u
Isoleucine	Ile	Essential BCAA**	6306	40-140	0.5	1.5	1.8		s, p, u
Leucine	Leu	Essential BCAA**	6106	70-170	0.5	3.4	4		s, p, u
Proline	Pro	Hydrophobic amino acid	145742	110-360	0.5	2.8	3.7		s, p, u
Valine	Val	Essential BCAA**	6287	150-350	0.5	2.2	2.7		s, p, u
Asparagine	Asn	Polar amino acid	6267	20-130	0.6	3	3		s, p, u
Glutamine	Gln	Polar amino acid	5961	390-700	10	2.1	2.7		s, p, u
Threonine	Thr	Essential amino acid	6288	70-240	1.2	2.4	3.3		s, p, u
Tyrosine	Tyr	Aromatic amino acid	6057	40-110	0.5	2.1	2.8		s, p, u
α-Hydroxyglutaric acid	aHG	α-Hydroxy acid	43	0.15-2					s, p, u
3-Hydroxyisobutyrate	3HIB	Val metabolite	440873	15-25	3	2.4	2.9		s, p, u
2-Hydroxybutyrate	aHB	α-Hydroxy acid	11266	10-60	3	1.7	2.3		s, p
3-Hydroxybutyrate	bHB	Keton body	441	20-700	3	1.9	3.4		s, p
Acetoacetate	AcAc	Keton body	96	10-200	5				s, p
Carboxymethyllysine	CML	an AGE***	123800	0.05-0.3	0.03				s, p
Carboxyethyllysine	CEL	an AGE***	23400779	0.05-0.4	0.03				s, p
2-Aminoadipic acid	2AAA	Lys metabolite	469	0.3-1.8					s, p
β-Aminoisobutyrate	BAIBA	Val metabolite	64956	0.3-2.0					s, p
β-Alanine	bAla	β-Amino acid	239	0.5-10					s, p
3-Hydroxykynurenine	HK	Trp metabolite	11811						u
Kynurenic acid	KA	Trp metabolite	3845						u
Anthranilic acid	AA	Trp metabolite	227						u
Xanthurenic acid	XA	Trp metabolite	5699						u
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid	HAA	Trp metabolite	86						u

*Sarcosine cannot be measured in EDTA-tubes from some suppliers because of the presence of sarcosine in these tubes; **BCAA, Branched chain amino acid; ***AGE, Advanced glycation end product.

Choline derivatives. Charged, methylated or sulfur amino acids. Short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines.
LC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

All concentrations are reported as µmol/L; move cursor over header for more information.

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
Choline	Chol	Quarternary ammonium	305	5-15	0.5	2.8	3.2	0.36	s, p, u
Choline, total*	tChol	Choline esters		2000-3000	500				s, p
Trimethylamine N-oxide	TMAO	Amine oxide	1145	0.5-60	0.1	4	4.1	<0.38	s, p, u
Betaine	Bet	Methylated amino acid	247	20-60	0.5	3.8	4.5	0.65	s, p, u
Dimethylglycine	DMG	Methylated amino acid	673	1.5–5	0.25	5.5	5.9	0.64	s, p, u
Total homocysteine	tHcy	Amino acid	91552	6-20	0.1	1	2	0.72	s, p, u
Creatine	Crn	α-Amino acid	586	10-100	1	3.9	4	na	s, p, u
Creatinine	Creat	α-Amino acid	588	50-100	0.25	2.6	3.1	0.79	s, p, u
Methionine	Met	Essential amino acid	6137	18-50	1	4.1	4.5	0.33	s, p
Methionine sulfoxide	MetSo	Polar amino acid	158980	0.5-5	0.06	7.1	7.9	0.36	s, p
Total cysteine	tCys	Sulfur amino acid	5862	150-400	0.1	2	6	0.56	s, p
Histidine	His	Essential amino acid	6274	50-100	0.25	3.5	3.8	na	s, p
3-Methylhistidine	3-MH	Amino acid	92105	2.7-10	0.6	4.4	4.9	na	s, p, u
1-Methylhistidine	1-MH	Amino acid	64969	0.5-15	0.25	3.7	3.9	na	s, p, u
Citrulline	Ctn	Amino acid	9750	10-60	4	7-8	6-9	na	s, p
Arginine	Arg	Charged amino acid	6322	40-100	0.25	2.6	3	0.53	s, p
Asymmetric dimethylarginine	ADMA	Guanidinated amino acid	123831	0.4-0.8	0.08	5.2	5.5	0.53	s, p
Symmetric dimethylarginine	SDMA	Guanidinated amino acid	169148	0.4-0.9	0.08	4.8	5.2	0.62	s, p
Homoarginine	hArg	Guanidinated amino acid	9085	1-6	0.1	5.8	6	0.65	s, p
Trimethyllysine	TML	Methylated amino acid	440121	0.3-2	0.2	4	4.4	0.15	s, p
Butyrobetaine	BB	Quarternary ammonium	725	0.4-2	0.2				s, p
Carnitine	C0	Carnitine	288	20-80	0.5			0.69	s, p
Carnitine, total**	tC0	Carnitines		30-90	0.5				s, p
Acetylcarnitine	C2	Acylcarnitine	7045767	3-15	0.1			0.63	s, p
Propionylcarnitine	C3	Acylcarnitine	107738	0.2-1.5	0.05			0.62	s, p
Butyrylcarnitine	C4	Acylcarnitine	213144	0.1-0.5	0.012				s, p
Isovalerylcarnitine	iC5	Acylcarnitine	6426851	0.06-0.2	0.05			0.68	s, p
Glutarylcarnitine	C5DC	Acylcarnitine	71464488	< 0.05	0.01				s, p
Hexanoylcarnitine	C6	Acylcarnitine	6426853	0.01-1.2	0.01				s, p
Octanoylcarnitine	C8	Acylcarnitine	123701	0.06-0.3	0.05			0.41	s, p
Decanoylcarnitine	C10	Acylcarnitine	10245190	0.2-1	0.02				s, p
Dodecanoylcarnitine	C12	Acylcarnitine	168381	< 0.4	0.02				s, p

*Measured in a separate assay after sample treatment with phospholipase D that does not affect the other metabolites of platform C, which are obtainable; **Measured in a separate assay involving alkaline hydrolysis of acylcarnitines.

Kynurenine pathway and B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6).
LC-MS/MS: 60-200 µL vol.

All concentrations are reported as µmol/L or nmol/L; move cursor over header for more information.

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate	PLP	B6 vitamer	1051	15–150 nmol//L	0.2	3.5	5.7	0.7	s, p
				7-70 nmol					csf
Pyridoxal	PL	B6 vitamer	1050	5–150 nmol/L	0.2	3.5	5.1	0.62	s, p
				10-50 nmol/L					csf
4-Pyridoxic acid	PA	B6 vitamer	6723	10–200 nmol/L	0.5	3.6	5.8	0.58	s, p
				0-15 nmol/L					csf
Pyridoxine	PN	B6 vitamer	1054	na nmol/L	1	4.5	5.2	na	s, p
Thiamine	Thi	B1 vitamer	1130	2–50 nmol/L	0.5	3.5	4.9		s, p
				5-40 nmol/L					csf
Thiamine monophosphate	TMP	B1 vitamer	1131	2–15 nmol/L	0.5	7.1	11.6		s, p
				25-75 µmol/L					csf
Riboflavin	Ribo	B2 vitamer	493570	5–100 nmol/L	0.2	6	7.1	0.79	s, p
				5-25 nmol/L					csf
Flavin mononucleotide	FMN	B2 vitamer	643976	3–30 nmol/L	0.4	5.7	8.1	0.69	s, p
				1-2 nmol/L					csf
Cystathionine	Cysta	Thioether	439258	<0.4 µmol/L	0.02	3.4	4.5	0.63	s, p
Neopterin	Neopt	Pteridine	4455	5-50 nmol/L	0.7	5.3	6.6	0.6	s, p
				5-50 nmol/L					csf
Tryptophan	Trp	Essential aromatic amino acid	6305	40-90 µmol/L	4	3.1	3.9	0.51	s, p
				2-7 µmol/L					csf
Kynurenine	Kyn	Trp metabolite	161166	1.0-3.0 µmol/L	0.007	3.6	5.1	0.68	s, p
				0.02-0.12 µmol/L					csf
Kynurenic acid	KA	Trp metabolite	3845	20-100 nmol/L	0.4	4.4	5.4	0.68	s, p
				0.5-15 nmol/L					csf
Quinaldic acid	Qld	Trp (KA) metabolite	7124	0.2-100 nmol/L	0.5	6-7	6-8	na	s, p
				0.1-10 nmol/L					csf
Anthranilic acid	AA	Trp metabolite	227	7-30 nmol/L	2	7.4	9.5	0.64	s, p
				3-14 nmol/L					csf
3-Hydroxykynurenine	HK	Trp metabolite	11811	25-80 nmol/L	2	3.2	4.5	0.62	s, p
				0.1-25 nmol/L					csf
Xanthurenic acid	XA	Trp metabolite	5699	2-35 nmol/L	0.5	4.8	5.7	0.58	s, p
				<0.5 nmol/L					csf
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid	HAA	Trp metabolite	86	10-80 nmol/L	2	4.6	6	0.54	s, p
				0-7 nmol/L					csf
Picolinic acid	Pic	Trp metabolite	1018	20-100 nmol/L	8	6-7	5-8	na	s, p
				5-100 nmol/L					csf
Quinolinic acid	QA	Trp metabolite	1066	150-700 nmol/L	1.6	7-8	7-10	na	s, p
				10-150 nmol/L					csf
Nicotinic acid	NA	B3 vitamer	938	<20 nmol/L	10	4	5.4	na	s, p
Nicotinamide	NAM	B3 vitamer	936	100-600 nmol/L	20	4.2	6.1	na	s, p
				5-200 nmol/L					csf
N1-methylnicotinamide	mNAM	B3 vitamer	457	20-250 nmol/L	5	4	5.5	na	s, p
				5-100 nmol/L					csf
Cotinine	Cot	Nicotine metabolite	854019	<3000 nmol/L	1	3	4.2	0.92	s, p, u
Trans-3'-hydroxycotinine	OHCot	Nicotine metabolite	107963	<1500 nmol/L	2	3.6	4.5	0.85	s, p, u
Trigonelline	Trig	Alkaloid	5570	<25 µmol/L	0.01	2.9	3.8	0.66	s, p
Trimethylamine N-oxide	TMAO	Amine oxide	1145	0.5-60 µmol/L	0.1	4.2	6.9	<0.38	s, p, u
				0.2-12 µmol/L					csf
Imidazole propionate	ImP	Histidine metabolite	70630	3-500 nmol/L	2				s, p
3-Indoxyl sulfate	3IS	Indole, Trp metabolite	10258	0.9-30 µmol/L	0.2				s, p
Indole-3-acetamide	IAM	Indole, Trp metabolite	397	0-10 nmol/L	1				s, p
Indole-3-acetate	IAA	Indole, Trp metabolite	802	0.3-23 µmol/L	0.05				s, p
Indole-3-aldehyde	IAld	Indole, Trp metabolite	10256	0.01-0.20 µmol/L	4				s, p
Indole-3-lactate	ILA	Indole, Trp metabolite	92904	0.08-5 µmol/L	0.025				s, p
Indole-3-propionate	IPA	Indole, Trp metabolite	3744	0.5-12 µmol/L	0.04				s, p

Folate species and catabolites.
LC-MS/MS: 60-200 µL vol.

All concentrations are reported as nmol/L; move cursor over header for more information.

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
5-Methyl-tetrahydrofolate	mTHF	Folate	439234	>7.5	0.07	5-9	4-5	na	s, p
5-Formyl-tetrahydrofolate	fTHF	Folate	6006	0-2	0.52	8-9	6-11	na	s, p
Folic acid	FA	Folate	6037	0-2	0.27	7-8	6-12	na	s, p
4-α-hydroxy-5-methyl-THF	hmTHF	Oxidized folate			0.2	6-10	6-7	na	s, p
Para-aminobenzoylglutamate	pABG	Folate catabolite	196473	0-0.5	0.08	6-9	3-10	na	s, p
Acetamidobenzoylglutamate	apABG	Folate catabolite	3080868	0.1-1	0.13	5-6	5-9	na	s, p
Serum folate as pABG equivalents	S pABG	Folate		>7.5					s, p
RBC folate as pABG equivalents	E pABG	Folate		>340					e

Folate (B9) and cobalamin (B12).
Microbiological assay: 20-100 µL vol.

Move cursor over header for more information.

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
Serum folate	s-Folate	B vitamin	>7.5 nmol/L	2	4	5	0.56	s, p
Erythrocyte folate	e-Folate	B vitamin	>340 nmol/L					e
Serum cobalamin	s-B12	B vitamin	>150 pmol/L	30	4	5	0.82	s, p

Protein biomarkers and variants.
MALDI-TOF MS: 30-60 µL vol.

Move cursor over header for more information.

Proteins	Abbr	Category	UniProt	Proteoforms	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC**	Matrix
C-reactive protein	CRP	Protein	P02741	1	0-10 µg/mL	0.1	4-5	7-9	0.5-0.7	s, p
Serum amyloid A and proteoforms	SAA	Protein	P0DJI8, P0DJI9	18	0-20 µg/mL	0.05	4-5	8-10	0.4-0.7	s, p
Calprotectin and proteoforms	S100A	Protein	P05109, P06702	6*	0-30 µg/mL	0.02	4-7	7-8	0.3-0.5	s, p
Cystatin C and proteoforms	CnC	Protein	P01034	5*	0-8 µg/mL	0.01	4-5	4-5	0.7	s, p
Glycated hemoglobin	HbA1c	Protein	P69905, F8W6P5	na	4-14 %	na	2-6	na	na	w

*Mass interference of S100A and CnC proteoforms; **ICCs of proteoforms can be found here.

Lipid-soluble vitamins and long-chain acylcarnitines.
LC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

All concentrations are reported as µmol/L or nmol/L; move cursor over header for more information.

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
All-trans retinol	Vit. A	A vitamer	445354	1.46-2.84 µmol/L	0.1	2.9	3.6	0.87	s, p
25-hydroxy vitamin D2	25OH-D2	D vitamer	5710148	0-30 nmol/L	5	6.6	8.1	na	s, p
25-hydroxy vitamin D3	25OH-D3	D vitamer	5283731	32.4-98.5 nmol/L	3.3	5.1	6.1	0.71	s, p
α-tocopherol	aToc	E vitamer	14985	18.9-38.8.0 µmol/L	2	4.3	5.8	0.86	s, p
γ-tocopherol	gToc	E vitamer	92729	2-11 µmol/L	0.1	3.7	5	na	s, p
Phylloquinone	Vit. K1	K vitamer	5284607	0.1-8.7 nmol/L	0.5	4.8	7.4	0.49	s, p
Myristoylcarnitine	C14	Acylcarnitine	6426854	0.01-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na	0.38	s, p
Palmitoylcarnitine	C16	Acylcarnitine	461	0.05-0.25 µmol/L	na	na	na	0.49	s, p
Stearoylcarnitine	C18	Acylcarnitine	52922056	0.03-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na	0.40	s, p
Oleoylcarnitine	C18:1	Acylcarnitine	46907933	0.04-0.2 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p
Linoleylcarnitine	C18:2	Acylcarnitine	6450015	0.01-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p

This platform is under development.
Short-, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines.
LC (HILIC)-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

All concentrations are reported as µmol/L; move cursor over header for more information.

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
Butyrobetaine	BB	Quarternary ammonium	725	0.4-2	0.2				s, p
Carnitine	C0	Carnitine	288	20-80	0.5			np	s, p
Acetylcarnitine	C2	Acylcarnitine	7045767	3-15	0.1			0.63	s, p
Propionylcarnitine	C3	Acylcarnitine	107738	0.2-1.5	0.05			0.62	s, p
Butyrylcarnitine	C4	Acylcarnitine	213144	0.1-0.5	0.012				s, p
Isovalerylcarnitine	iC5	Acylcarnitine	6426851	0.06-0.2	0.05			0.68	s, p
Hexanoylcarnitine	C6	Acylcarnitine	6426853	0.01-1.2	0.01				s, p
Octanoylcarnitine	C8	Acylcarnitine	123701	0.06-0.3	0.05			0.41	s, p
Decanoylcarnitine	C10	Acylcarnitine	10245190	0.2-1	0.02				s, p
Dodecanoylcarnitine	C12	Acylcarnitine	168381	< 0.4	0.02				s, p
Myristoylcarnitine	C14	Acylcarnitine	6426854	0.01-0.1	na	na	na	0.38	s, p
Palmitoylcarnitine	C16	Acylcarnitine	461	0.05-0.25	na	na	na	0.49	s, p
Stearoylcarnitine	C18	Acylcarnitine	52922056	0.03-0.1	na	na	na	0.40	s, p
Oleoylcarnitine	C18:1	Acylcarnitine	46907933	0.04-0.2	na	na	na		s, p
Linoleylcarnitine	C18:2	Acylcarnitine	6450015	0.01-0.1	na	na	na		s, p

All biomarkers sorted by platform

Move cursor over header for more information.

Biomarkers	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix	Platform
Citrate	Cit	Tricarboxylic acid	311	90-200 µmol/L					s, p	A
Isocitrate	iCit	Tricarboxylic acid	1198	2-22 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
α-Ketoglutarate	aKG	Keto acid	51	2-40 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Fumarate	Fum	Dicarboxylic acid	444972	0.5-4 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Malate	Mal	β-Hydroxy acid	525	2-21 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Pyruvate	Pyr	α-Keto acid	1060	80-160 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Lactate	Lac	α-Hydroxy acid	612	500-1600 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Formate	Frm	Short-chain fatty acid	284	8-100 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Acetate	Ace	Short-chain fatty acid	175-176	80-300 µmol/L					s, p	A
Propionate	Pro	Short-chain fatty acid	1042	1-13 µmol/L					s, p	A
Butyrate	But	Short-chain fatty acid	264	1-30 µmol/L					s, p	A
Isobutyrate	iBut	Short-chain fatty acid	6590	0.7-6 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Valerate	Vlr	Short-chain fatty acid	7991	0.2-1 µmol/L					s, p	A
Isovalerate	iVlr	Short-chain fatty acid	10430	0.3-3 µmol/L					s, p	A
α-Methylbutyrate	aMB	Short-chain fatty acid	8314	0.3-3 µmol/L					s, p	A
Methylmalonic acid	MMA	Carboxylic acid	487	<0.26 µmol/L	0.03	2.4	3	0.81	s, p, u	B
Total homocysteine	tHcy	Sulfur amino acid	91552	5-15 µmol/L	0.1	1.4	2.7	0.72	s, p, u	B
Total cysteine	tCys	Sulfur amino acid	5862	150-350 µmol/L	50	1	2	0.62	s, p, u	B
Methionine	Met	Essential amino acid	6137	18-50 µmol/L	1	2.2	4.1	0.33	s, p, u	B
Serine	Ser	Polar amino acid	5951	95-125 µmol/L	5	1.3	1.7	0.71	s, p, u	B
Glycine	Gly	Hydrophobic amino acid	750	200-300 µmol/L	3	1.3	1.7	0.81	s, p, u	B
Cystathionine	Cysta	Thioether	439258	<0.4 µmol/L	0.02	2.3	2.9	0.63	s, p, u	B
Sarcosine	Sarc	Methylated amino acid	1088	0.7-2.3 µmol/L	0.035	1.3	1.6	0.68	s, p, u	B
Histidine	His	Essential amino acid	6274	50-100 µmol/L	1	2	3	na	s, p, u	B
Tryptophan	Trp	Essential aromatic amino acid	6305	40-90 µmol/L	0.1	1.6	2.6	0.51	s, p, u	B
Kynurenine	Kyn	Trp metabolite	161166	1.0-3.0 µmol/L	0.12	1.9	2.3	0.68	s, p, u	B
Ornithine	Orn	Charged amino acid	6262	30-90 µmol/L	1	2.2	2.7		s, p, u	B
Aspartic acid	Asp	Charged amino acid	5960	0-26 µmol/L	0.5	1.8	4		s, p, u	B
Glutamic acid	Glu	Charged amino acid	33032	20-140 µmol/L	0.5	1.7	2.7		s, p, u	B
Lysine	Lys	Essential amino acid	5962	120-290 µmol/L	1.2	1.4	1.9		s, p, u	B
Alanine	Ala	Hydrophobic amino acid	5950	230-510 µmol/L	1	1.2	1.4		s, p, u	B
Phenylalanine	Phe	Essential aromatic amino acid	6140	26-85 µmol/L	0.5	1.5	3		s, p, u	B
Isoleucine	Ile	Essential BCAA	6306	40-140 µmol/L	0.5	1.5	1.8		s, p, u	B
Leucine	Leu	Essential BCAA	6106	70-170 µmol/L	0.5	3.4	4		s, p, u	B
Proline	Pro	Hydrophobic amino acid	145742	110-360 µmol/L	0.5	2.8	3.7		s, p, u	B
Valine	Val	Essential BCAA	6287	150-350 µmol/L	0.5	2.2	2.7		s, p, u	B
Asparagine	Asn	Polar amino acid	6267	20-130 µmol/L	0.6	3	3		s, p, u	B
Glutamine	Gln	Polar amino acid	5961	390-700 µmol/L	10	2.1	2.7		s, p, u	B
Threonine	Thr	Essential amino acid	6288	70-240 µmol/L	1.2	2.4	3.3		s, p, u	B
Tyrosine	Tyr	Aromatic amino acid	6057	40-110 µmol/L	0.5	2.1	2.8		s, p, u	B
α-Hydroxyglutaric acid	aHG	Alfa hydroxy acid	43	0.15-2 µmol/L					s, p, u	B
3-Hydroxyisobutyrate	3HIB	Val metabolite	440873	15-25 µmol/L	3	2.4	2.9		s, p, u	B
2-Hydroxybutyrate	aHB	Alfa hydroxy acid	11266	10-60 µmol/L	3	1.7	2.3		s, p	B
3-Hydroxybutyrate	bHB	Keton body	441	20-700 µmol/L	3	1.9	3.4		s, p	B
Acetoacetate	AcAc	Keton body	96	10-200 µmol/L	5				s, p	B
Carboxymethyllysine	CML	an AGE	123800	0.05-0.3 µmol/L	0.03				s, p	B
Carboxyethyllysine	CEL	an AGE	23400779	0.05-0.4 µmol/L	0.03				s, p	B
2-Aminoadipic acid	2AAA	Lys metabolite	469	0.3-1.8 µmol/L					s, p	B
β-Aminoisobutyrate	BAIBA	Val metabolite	64956	0.3-2.0 µmol/L					s, p	B
Beta-alanine	bAla	Beta amino acid	239	0.5-10 µmol/L					s, p	B
3-Hydroxykynurenine	HK		11811						u	B
Kynurenic acid	KA		3845						u	B
Anthranilic acid	AA		227						u	B
Xanthurenic acid	XA		5699						u	B
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid	HAA		86						u	B
Choline	Chol	Quarternary ammonium	305	5-15 µmol/L	0.5	2.8	3.2	0.36	s, p, u	C
Choline, total	tChol	Choline esters		2-3 mmol/L	0.5				s, p	C
Trimethylamine N-oxide	TMAO	Amine oxide	1145	0.5-60 µmol/L	0.1	4	4.1	<0.38	s, p, u	C
Betaine	Bet	Methylated amino acid	247	20-60 µmol/L	0.5	3.8	4.5	0.65	s, p, u	C
Dimethylglycine	DMG	Methylated amino acid	673	1.5–5 µmol/L	0.25	5.5	5.9	0.64	s, p, u	C
Total homocysteine	tHcy	Amino acid	91552	6-20 µmol/L	0.1	1	2	0.72	s, p, u	C
Creatine	Crn	Alpha amino acid	586	10-100 µmol/L	1	3.9	4	na	s, p, u	C
Creatinine	Creat	Alpha amino acid	588	50-100 µmol/L	0.25	2.6	3.1	0.79	s, p, u	C
Methionine	Met	Essential amino acid	6137	18-50 µmol/L	1	4.1	4.5	0.33	s, p	C
Methionine sulfoxide	MetSo	Polar amino acid	158980	0.5-5 µmol/L	0.06	7.1	7.9	0.36	s, p	C
Cystathionine	Cysta	Thioether	439258	< 0.4 µmol/L	0.025	6-12	7-10	0.63	s, p	C
Total cysteine	tCys	Sulfur amino acid	5862	150-400 µmol/L	0.1	2	6	0.56	s, p	C
Histidine	His	Essential amino acid	6274	50-100 µmol/L	0.25	3.5	3.8	na	s, p	C
3-Methylhistidine	3-MH	Amino acid	92105	2.7-10 µmol/L	0.6	4.4	4.9	na	s, p, u	C
1-Methylhistidine	1-MH	Amino acid	64969	0.5-15 µmol/L	0.25	3.7	3.9	na	s, p, u	C
Citrulline	Ctn	Amino acid	9750	10-60 µmol/L	4	7-8	6-9	na	s, p	C
Ornithine	Orn	Charged amino acid	6262	30-90 µmol/L	0.5	7-8	7-9	na	s, p	C
Arginine	Arg	Charged amino acid	6322	40-100 µmol/L	0.25	2.6	3	0.53	s, p	C
Asymmetric dimethylarginine	ADMA	Guanidinated amino acid	123831	0.4-0.8 µmol/L	0.08	5.2	5.5	0.53	s, p	C
Symmetric dimethylarginine	SDMA	Guanidinated amino acid	169148	0.4-0.9 µmol/L	0.08	4.8	5.2	0.62	s, p	C
Homoarginine	hArg	Guanidinated amino acid	9085	1-6 µmol/L	0.1	5.8	6	0.65	s, p	C
Trimethyllysine	TML	Methylated amino acid	440121	0.3-2 µmol/L	0.2	4	4.4	0.15	s, p	C
Butyrobetaine	BB	Quarternary ammonium	725	0.4-2 µmol/L	0.2				s, p	C
Carnitine	C0	Carnitine	288	20-80 µmol/L	0.5			0.69	s, p	C
Carnitine, total	tC0	Carnitines		30-90 µmol/L	0.5				s, p	C
Acetylcarnitine	C2	Acylcarnitine	7045767	3-15 µmol/L	0.1			0.63	s, p	C
Propionylcarnitine	C3	Acylcarnitine	107738	0.2-1.5 µmol/L	0.05			0.62	s, p	C
Butyrylcarnitine	C4	Acylcarnitine	213144	0.1-0.5 µmol/L	0.012				s, p	C
Isovalerylcarnitine	iC5	Acylcarnitine	6426851	0.06-0.2 µmol/L	0.05			0.68	s, p	C
Glutarylcarnitine	C5DC	Acylcarnitine	71464488	< 0.05 µmol/L	0.01				s, p	C
Hexanoylcarnitine	C6	Acylcarnitine	6426853	0.01-1.2 µmol/L	0.01				s, p	C
Octanoylcarnitine	C8	Acylcarnitine	123701	0.06-0.3 µmol/L	0.05			0.41	s, p	C
Decanoylcarnitine	C10	Acylcarnitine	10245190	0.2-1 µmol/L	0.02				s, p	C
Dodecanoylcarnitine	C12	Acylcarnitine	168381	< 0.4 µmol/L	0.02				s, p	C
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate	PLP	B6 vitamer	1051	15–150 nmol//L	0.2	3.5	5.7	0.7	s, p	D
				7-70 nmol					csf	D
Pyridoxal	PL	B6 vitamer	1050	5–150 nmol/L	0.2	3.5	5.1	0.62	s, p	D
				10-50 nmol/L					csf	D
4-Pyridoxic acid	PA	B6 vitamer	6723	10–200 nmol/L	0.5	3.6	5.8	0.58	s, p	D
				0-15 nmol/L					csf	D
Pyridoxine	PN	B6 vitamer	1054		0.05	4.5	5.2	na	s, p	D
Thiamine	Thi	B1 vitamer	1130	2–50 nmol/L	0.25	3.5	4.9		s, p	D
				5-40 nmol/L					csf	D
Thiamine monophosphate	TMP	B1 vitamer	1131	2–15 nmol/L	0.5	7.1	11.6		s, p	D
				25-75 µmol/L					csf	D
Riboflavin	Ribo	B2 vitamer	493570	5–100 nmol/L	0.2	6	7.1	0.79	s, p	D
				5-25 nmol/L					csf	D
Flavin mononucleotide	FMN	B2 vitamer	643976	3–30 nmol/L	0.4	5.7	8.1	0.69	s, p	D
				1-2 nmol/L					csf	D
Cystathionine	Cysta	Thioether	439258	<0.4 µmol/L	0.02	3.4	4.5	0.63	s, p	D
Neopterin	Neopt	Pteridine	4455	5-50 nmol/L	0.7	5.3	6.6	0.6	s, p	D
				5-50 nmol/L					csf	D
Tryptophan	Trp	Essential aromatic amino acid	6305	40-90 µmol/L	4	3.1	3.9	0.51	s, p	D
				2-7 µmol/L					csf	D
Kynurenine	Kyn	Trp metabolite	161166	1.0-3.0 µmol/L	0.007	3.6	5.1	0.68	s, p	D
				0.02-0.12 µmol/L					csf	D
Kynurenic acid	KA	Trp metabolite	3845	20-100 nmol/L	0.4	4.4	5.4	0.68	s, p	D
				0.5-15 nmol/L					csf	D
Quinaldic acid	Qld	Trp (KA) metabolite	7124	0.2-100 nmol/L	0.5	6-7	6-8	na	s, p	D
				0.1-10 nmol/L					csf	D
Anthranilic acid	AA	Trp metabolite	227	7-30 nmol/L	0.7	7.4	9.5	0.64	s, p	D
				3-14 nmol/L					csf	D
3-Hydroxykynurenine	HK	Trp metabolite	11811	25-80 nmol/L	2	3.2	4.5	0.62	s, p	D
				0.1-25 nmol/L					csf	D
Xanthurenic acid	XA	Trp metabolite	5699	2-35 nmol/L	0.5	4.8	5.7	0.58	s, p	D
				<0.5 nmol/L					csf	D
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid	HAA	Trp metabolite	86	10-80 nmol/L	2	4.6	6	0.54	s, p	D
				0-7 nmol/L					csf	D
Cinnabarinic acid	CBA	Trp (HAA) metabolite	114918		0.5			na	s, p	D
									csf	D
Picolinic acid	Pic	Trp metabolite	1018	20-100 nmol/L	8	6-7	5-8	na	s, p	D
				5-100 nmol/L					csf	D
Quinolinic acid	QA	Trp metabolite	1066	150-700 nmol/L	1.6	7-8	7-10	na	s, p	D
				10-150 nmol/L					csf	D
Nicotinic acid	NA	B3 vitamer	938	<20 nmol/L	10	4	5.4	na	s, p	D
Nicotinamide	NAM	B3 vitamer	936	100-600 nmol/L	20	4.2	6.1	na	s, p	D
				5-200 nmol/L					csf	D
N1-methylnicotinamide	mNAM	B3 vitamer	457	20-250 nmol/L	5	4	5.5	na	s, p	D
				5-100 nmol/L					csf	D
Cotinine	Cot	Nicotine metabolite	854019	<3000 nmol/L	1	3	4.2	0.92	s, p, u	D
Trans-3'-hydroxycotinine	OHCot	Nicotine metabolite	107963	<1500 nmol/L	2	3.6	4.5	0.85	s, p, u	D
Trigonelline	Trig	Alkaloid	5570	<25 µmol/L	0.01	2.9	3.8	0.66	s, p	D
Trimethylamine N-oxide	TMAO	Amine oxide	1145	0.5-60 µmol/L		4.2	6.9	<0.38	s, p, u	D
				0.2-12 µmol/L					csf	D
Imidazole propionate	ImP	Histidine metabolite	70630	3-500 nmol/L	2				s, p	D
Urocanate	Uro	Histidine metabolite		0.1-0.6 µmol/L					s, p	D
3-Indoxyl sulfate	3IS	Indole, Trp metabolite	10258	0.9-30 µmol/L	0.1				s, p	D
Indole-3-acetamide	IAM	Indole, Trp metabolite	397	0-10 nmol/L	0.8				s, p	D
Indole-3-acetate	IAA	Indole, Trp metabolite	802	0.3-23 µmol/L	0.05				s, p	D
Indole-3-acetaldehyde	IAAld	Indole, Trp metabolite	800						s, p	D
Indole-3-aldehyde	IAld	Indole, Trp metabolite	10256	0.01-0.20 µmol/L	4				s, p	D
Indole-3-lactate	ILA	Indole, Trp metabolite	92904	0.08-5 µmol/L	0.025				s, p	D
Indole-3-acrylate	IAcA	Indole, Trp metabolite	5375048						s, p	D
Indole-3-propionate	IPA	Indole, Trp metabolite	3744	0.5-12 µmol/L	0.02				s, p	D
5-Methyl-tetrahydrofolate	mTHF	Folate	439234	>7.5 nmol/L	0.07	5-9	4-5	na	s, p	E
5-Formyl-tetrahydrofolate	fTHF	Folate	6006	0-2 nmol/l	0.52	8-9	6-11	na	s, p	E
Folic acid	FA	Folate	6037	0-2 nmol/L	0.27	7-8	6-12	na	s, p	E
4-Alfa-hydroxy-5-methyl-THF	hmTHF	Oxidized folate			0.2	6-10	6-7	na	s, p	E
Para-aminobenzoylglutamate	pABG	Folate catabolite	196473	0-0.5 nmol/L	0.08	6-9	3-10	na	s, p	E
Acetamidobenzoylglutamate	apABG	Folate catabolite	3080868	0.1-1 nmol/L	0.13	5-6	5-10	na	s, p	E
Serum folate as pABG equivalents	S pABG	Folate		>7.5 nmol/L					s, p	E
RBC folate as pABG equivalents	E pABG	Folate		>340 nmol/L					e	E
Serum folate	s-Folate	B-vitamin		>7.5 nmol/L	2	4	5	0.56	s, p	F
Erythrocyte folate	e-Folate	B-vitamin		>340 nmol/L					e	F
Serum cobalamin	s-B12	B-vitamin		>150 pmol/L	30	4	5	0.82	s, p	F
C-reactive protein	hsCRP	Protein		0-10 µg/ml	0.06	3-6	3-7	0.54	s, p	G
Serum amyloid A and variants	SAA	Protein		0-20 µg/ml	0.04			na	s, p	G
Calprotectin and variants	Calp	Protein		0-30 µg/ml	0.02			na	s, p	G
Cystatin C and variants	Cys-C	Protein		0-8 µg/ml	0.01	3-9	5-8	na	s, p	G
HbA1c	HbA1c	Protein		4-14 %	na	5	na	na	w	G
All-trans retinol	Vit. A	A vitamer	445354	1.46-2.84 µmol/L	0.1	2.9	3.6	0.87	s, p	H
25-hydroxy vitamin D2	25OH-D2	D vitamer	5710148	0-30 nmol/L	3.3	6.6	8.1	na	s, p	H
25-hydroxy vitamin D3	25OH-D3	D vitamer	5283731	32.4-98.5 nmol/L	3.3	5.1	6.1	0.71	s, p	H
alpha-tocopherol	aToc	E vitamer	14985	18.9-38.8.0 µmol/L	2	4.3	5.8	0.86	s, p	H
gamma-tocopherol	gToc	E vitamer	92729	2-11 µmol/L	0.1	3.7	5	na	s, p	H
Phylloquinone	Vit. K1	K vitamer	5284607	0.1-8.7 nmol/L	0.5	4.8	7.4	0.49	s, p	H
Menaquinone-4	Vit. K2	K vitamer	5282367		na	na	na	na		H
Myristoylcarnitine	C14	Acylcarnitine	6426854	0.01-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na	0.38	s, p	H
Palmitoylcarnitine	C16	Acylcarnitine	461	0.05-0.25 µmol/L	na	na	na	0.49	s, p	H
Stearoylcarnitine	C18	Acylcarnitine	52922056	0.03-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na	0.40	s, p	H
Oleoylcarnitine	C18:1	Acylcarnitine	46907933	0.04-0.2 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	H
Linoleylcarnitine	C18:2	Acylcarnitine	6450015	0.01-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	H
Trimethyllysine	TML	Methylated amino acid		0.3-2 µmol/L					s, p	I
Butyrobetaine	BB	Quarternary ammonium	725	0.4-2 µmol/L	0.2				s, p	I
Carnitine	C0	Carnitine	288	20-80 µmol/L	0.5				s, p	I
Carnitine, total**	tC0	Carnitines		30-90 µmol/L	0.5				s, p	I
Acetylcarnitine	C2	Acylcarnitine	7045767	3-15 µmol/L	0.1				s, p	I
Propionylcarnitine	C3	Acylcarnitine	107738	0.2-1.5 µmol/L	0.05				s, p	I
Malonylcarnitine	C3DC	Acylcarnitine	91825606	0.03-0.2 µmol/L					s, p	I
Butyrylcarnitine	C4	Acylcarnitine	213144	0.1-0.5 µmol/L	0.012				s, p	I
Isovalerylcarnitine	iC5	Acylcarnitine	6426851	0.06-0.2 µmol/L	0.05				s, p	I
Glutarylcarnitine	C5DC	Acylcarnitine	71464488	< 0.05 µmol/L	0.01				s, p	I
Hexanoylcarnitine	C6	Acylcarnitine	6426853	0.01-1.2 µmol/L	0.01				s, p	I
Octanoylcarnitine	C8	Acylcarnitine	123701	0.06-0.3 µmol/L	0.05				s, p	I
Decanoylcarnitine	C10	Acylcarnitine	10245190	0.2-1 µmol/L	0.02				s, p	I
Dodecanoylcarnitine	C12	Acylcarnitine	168381	< 0.4 µmol/L	0.02				s, p	I
Myristoylcarnitine	C14	Acylcarnitine	6426854	0.01-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	I
Palmitoylcarnitine	C16	Acylcarnitine	461	0.05-0.25 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	I
Stearoylcarnitine	C18	Acylcarnitine	52922056	0.03-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	I
Oleoylcarnitine	C18:1	Acylcarnitine	46907933	0.04-0.2 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	I
Linoleylcarnitine	C18:2	Acylcarnitine	6450015	0.01-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	I

All

TCA metabolites and intermediates. Short-chain fatty acids.
Volume: 50-200 µL

All concentrations are reported as µmol/L; CVs (%) shown as within-day (Wtn-day) and between-day (Btw-day) variations; sample matrices: serum (s), plasma (p), cerebrospinal fluid (csf).

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	Matrix
Citrate	Cit	Tricarboxylic acid	311	90-200	s, p
Isocitrate	iCit	Tricarboxylic acid	1198	2-22	s, p, csf
α-Ketoglutarate	aKG	Keto acid	51	2-40	s, p, csf
Fumarate	Fum	Dicarboxylic acid	444972	0.5-4	s, p, csf
Malate	Mal	β-Hydroxy acid	525	2-21	s, p, csf
Pyruvate	Pyr	α-Keto acid	1060	80-160	s, p, csf
Lactate	Lac	α-Hydroxy acid	612	500-1600	s, p, csf
Formate	Frm	Short-chain fatty acid	284	8-100	s, p, csf
Acetate	Ace	Short-chain fatty acid	175-176	80-300	s, p
Propionate	Pro	Short-chain fatty acid	1042	1-13	s, p
Butyrate	But	Short-chain fatty acid	264	1-30	s, p
Isobutyrate	iBut	Short-chain fatty acid	6590	0.7-6	s, p, csf
Valerate	Vlr	Short-chain fatty acid	7991	0.2-1	s, p
Isovalerate	iVlr	Short-chain fatty acid	10430	0.3-3	s, p
α-Methylbutyrate	aMB	Short-chain fatty acid	8314	0.3-3	s, p

Amino- and carboxylic acids.
Volume: 50-200 µL

All concentrations are reported as µmol/L; CVs (%) shown as within-day (Wtn-day) and between-day (Btw-day) variations; sample matrices: serum (s), plasma (p), urine (u).

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
Methylmalonic acid	MMA	Carboxylic acid	487	<0.26	0.03	2.4	3	0.81	s, p, u
Total homocysteine	tHcy	Sulfur amino acid	91552	5-15	0.1	1.4	2.7	0.72	s, p, u
Total cysteine	tCys	Sulfur amino acid	5862	150-350	50	1	2	0.62	s, p, u
Methionine	Met	Essential amino acid	6137	18-50	1	2.2	4.1	0.33	s, p, u
Serine	Ser	Polar amino acid	5951	95-125	5	1.3	1.7	0.71	s, p, u
Glycine	Gly	Hydrophobic amino acid	750	200-300	3	1.3	1.7	0.81	s, p, u
Cystathionine	Cysta	Thioether	439258	<0.4	0.02	2.3	2.9	0.63	s, p, u
Sarcosine*	Sarc	Methylated amino acid	1088	0.7-2.3	0.035	1.3	1.6	0.68	s, p, u
Histidine	His	Essential amino acid	6274	50-100	1	2	3	na	s, p, u
Tryptophan	Trp	Essential aromatic amino acid	6305	40-90	0.1	1.6	2.6	0.51	s, p, u
Kynurenine	Kyn	Trp metabolite	161166	1.0-3.0	0.12	1.9	2.3	0.68	s, p, u
Ornithine	Orn	Charged amino acid	6262	30-90	1	2.2	2.7		s, p, u
Aspartic acid	Asp	Charged amino acid	5960	0-26	0.5	1.8	4		s, p, u
Glutamic acid	Glu	Charged amino acid	33032	20-140	0.5	1.7	2.7		s, p, u
Lysine	Lys	Essential amino acid	5962	120-290	1.2	1.4	1.9		s, p, u
Alanine	Ala	Hydrophobic amino acid	5950	230-510	1	1.2	1.4		s, p, u
Phenylalanine	Phe	Essential aromatic amino acid	6140	26-85	0.5	1.5	3		s, p, u
Isoleucine	Ile	Essential BCAA**	6306	40-140	0.5	1.5	1.8		s, p, u
Leucine	Leu	Essential BCAA**	6106	70-170	0.5	3.4	4		s, p, u
Proline	Pro	Hydrophobic amino acid	145742	110-360	0.5	2.8	3.7		s, p, u
Valine	Val	Essential BCAA**	6287	150-350	0.5	2.2	2.7		s, p, u
Asparagine	Asn	Polar amino acid	6267	20-130	0.6	3	3		s, p, u
Glutamine	Gln	Polar amino acid	5961	390-700	10	2.1	2.7		s, p, u
Threonine	Thr	Essential amino acid	6288	70-240	1.2	2.4	3.3		s, p, u
Tyrosine	Tyr	Aromatic amino acid	6057	40-110	0.5	2.1	2.8		s, p, u
α-Hydroxyglutaric acid	aHG	α-Hydroxy acid	43	0.15-2					s, p, u
3-Hydroxyisobutyrate	3HIB	Val metabolite	440873	15-25	3	2.4	2.9		s, p, u
2-Hydroxybutyrate	aHB	α-Hydroxy acid	11266	10-60	3	1.7	2.3		s, p
3-Hydroxybutyrate	bHB	Keton body	441	20-700	3	1.9	3.4		s, p
Acetoacetate	AcAc	Keton body	96	10-200	5				s, p
Carboxymethyllysine	CML	an AGE***	123800	0.05-0.3	0.03				s, p
Carboxyethyllysine	CEL	an AGE***	23400779	0.05-0.4	0.03				s, p
2-Aminoadipic acid	2AAA	Lys metabolite	469	0.3-1.8					s, p
β-Aminoisobutyrate	BAIBA	Val metabolite	64956	0.3-2.0					s, p
β-Alanine	bAla	β-Amino acid	239	0.5-10					s, p
3-Hydroxykynurenine	HK	Trp metabolite	11811						u
Kynurenic acid	KA	Trp metabolite	3845						u
Anthranilic acid	AA	Trp metabolite	227						u
Xanthurenic acid	XA	Trp metabolite	5699						u
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid	HAA	Trp metabolite	86						u

*Sarcosine cannot be measured in EDTA-tubes from some suppliers because of the presence of sarcosine in these tubes; **BCAA, Branched chain amino acid; ***AGE, Advanced glycation end product.

Choline derivatives. Charged, methylated or sulfur amino acids. Short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines.
Volume: 50-200 µL

All concentrations are reported as µmol/L; CVs (%) shown as within-day (Wtn-day) and between-day (Btw-day) variations; sample matrices: serum (s), plasma (p), urine (u).

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
Choline	Chol	Quarternary ammonium	305	5-15	0.5	2.8	3.2	0.36	s, p, u
Choline, total*	tChol	Choline esters		2000-3000	500				s, p
Trimethylamine N-oxide	TMAO	Amine oxide	1145	0.5-60	0.1	4	4.1	<0.38	s, p, u
Betaine	Bet	Methylated amino acid	247	20-60	0.5	3.8	4.5	0.65	s, p, u
Dimethylglycine	DMG	Methylated amino acid	673	1.5–5	0.25	5.5	5.9	0.64	s, p, u
Total homocysteine	tHcy	Amino acid	91552	6-20	0.1	1	2	0.72	s, p, u
Creatine	Crn	α-Amino acid	586	10-100	1	3.9	4	na	s, p, u
Creatinine	Creat	α-Amino acid	588	50-100	0.25	2.6	3.1	0.79	s, p, u
Methionine	Met	Essential amino acid	6137	18-50	1	4.1	4.5	0.33	s, p
Methionine sulfoxide	MetSo	Polar amino acid	158980	0.5-5	0.06	7.1	7.9	0.36	s, p
Total cysteine	tCys	Sulfur amino acid	5862	150-400	0.1	2	6	0.56	s, p
Histidine	His	Essential amino acid	6274	50-100	0.25	3.5	3.8	na	s, p
3-Methylhistidine	3-MH	Amino acid	92105	2.7-10	0.6	4.4	4.9	na	s, p, u
1-Methylhistidine	1-MH	Amino acid	64969	0.5-15	0.25	3.7	3.9	na	s, p, u
Citrulline	Ctn	Amino acid	9750	10-60	4	7-8	6-9	na	s, p
Arginine	Arg	Charged amino acid	6322	40-100	0.25	2.6	3	0.53	s, p
Asymmetric dimethylarginine	ADMA	Guanidinated amino acid	123831	0.4-0.8	0.08	5.2	5.5	0.53	s, p
Symmetric dimethylarginine	SDMA	Guanidinated amino acid	169148	0.4-0.9	0.08	4.8	5.2	0.62	s, p
Homoarginine	hArg	Guanidinated amino acid	9085	1-6	0.1	5.8	6	0.65	s, p
Trimethyllysine	TML	Methylated amino acid	440121	0.3-2	0.2	4	4.4	0.15	s, p
Butyrobetaine	BB	Quarternary ammonium	725	0.4-2	0.2				s, p
Carnitine	C0	Carnitine	288	20-80	0.5			0.69	s, p
Carnitine, total**	tC0	Carnitines		30-90	0.5				s, p
Acetylcarnitine	C2	Acylcarnitine	7045767	3-15	0.1			0.63	s, p
Propionylcarnitine	C3	Acylcarnitine	107738	0.2-1.5	0.05			0.62	s, p
Butyrylcarnitine	C4	Acylcarnitine	213144	0.1-0.5	0.012				s, p
Isovalerylcarnitine	iC5	Acylcarnitine	6426851	0.06-0.2	0.05			0.68	s, p
Glutarylcarnitine	C5DC	Acylcarnitine	71464488	< 0.05	0.01				s, p
Hexanoylcarnitine	C6	Acylcarnitine	6426853	0.01-1.2	0.01				s, p
Octanoylcarnitine	C8	Acylcarnitine	123701	0.06-0.3	0.05			0.41	s, p
Decanoylcarnitine	C10	Acylcarnitine	10245190	0.2-1	0.02				s, p
Dodecanoylcarnitine	C12	Acylcarnitine	168381	< 0.4	0.02				s, p

Kynurenine pathway and B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6).
Volume: 60-200 µL

CVs (%) shown as within-day (Wtn-day) and between-day (Btw-day) variations; sample matrices: serum (s), plasma (p), urine (u), cerebrospinal fluid (csf).

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate	PLP	B6 vitamer	1051	15–150 nmol//L	0.2	3.5	5.7	0.7	s, p
				7-70 nmol					csf
Pyridoxal	PL	B6 vitamer	1050	5–150 nmol/L	0.2	3.5	5.1	0.62	s, p
				10-50 nmol/L					csf
4-Pyridoxic acid	PA	B6 vitamer	6723	10–200 nmol/L	0.5	3.6	5.8	0.58	s, p
				0-15 nmol/L					csf
Pyridoxine	PN	B6 vitamer	1054	na nmol/L	1	4.5	5.2	na	s, p
Thiamine	Thi	B1 vitamer	1130	2–50 nmol/L	0.5	3.5	4.9		s, p
				5-40 nmol/L					csf
Thiamine monophosphate	TMP	B1 vitamer	1131	2–15 nmol/L	0.5	7.1	11.6		s, p
				25-75 µmol/L					csf
Riboflavin	Ribo	B2 vitamer	493570	5–100 nmol/L	0.2	6	7.1	0.79	s, p
				5-25 nmol/L					csf
Flavin mononucleotide	FMN	B2 vitamer	643976	3–30 nmol/L	0.4	5.7	8.1	0.69	s, p
				1-2 nmol/L					csf
Cystathionine	Cysta	Thioether	439258	<0.4 µmol/L	0.02	3.4	4.5	0.63	s, p
Neopterin	Neopt	Pteridine	4455	5-50 nmol/L	0.7	5.3	6.6	0.6	s, p
				5-50 nmol/L					csf
Tryptophan	Trp	Essential aromatic amino acid	6305	40-90 µmol/L	4	3.1	3.9	0.51	s, p
				2-7 µmol/L					csf
Kynurenine	Kyn	Trp metabolite	161166	1.0-3.0 µmol/L	0.007	3.6	5.1	0.68	s, p
				0.02-0.12 µmol/L					csf
Kynurenic acid	KA	Trp metabolite	3845	20-100 nmol/L	0.4	4.4	5.4	0.68	s, p
				0.5-15 nmol/L					csf
Quinaldic acid	Qld	Trp (KA) metabolite	7124	0.2-100 nmol/L	0.5	6-7	6-8	na	s, p
				0.1-10 nmol/L					csf
Anthranilic acid	AA	Trp metabolite	227	7-30 nmol/L	2	7.4	9.5	0.64	s, p
				3-14 nmol/L					csf
3-Hydroxykynurenine	HK	Trp metabolite	11811	25-80 nmol/L	2	3.2	4.5	0.62	s, p
				0.1-25 nmol/L					csf
Xanthurenic acid	XA	Trp metabolite	5699	2-35 nmol/L	0.5	4.8	5.7	0.58	s, p
				<0.5 nmol/L					csf
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid	HAA	Trp metabolite	86	10-80 nmol/L	2	4.6	6	0.54	s, p
				0-7 nmol/L					csf
Picolinic acid	Pic	Trp metabolite	1018	20-100 nmol/L	8	6-7	5-8	na	s, p
				5-100 nmol/L					csf
Quinolinic acid	QA	Trp metabolite	1066	150-700 nmol/L	1.6	7-8	7-10	na	s, p
				10-150 nmol/L					csf
Nicotinic acid	NA	B3 vitamer	938	<20 nmol/L	10	4	5.4	na	s, p
Nicotinamide	NAM	B3 vitamer	936	100-600 nmol/L	20	4.2	6.1	na	s, p
				5-200 nmol/L					csf
N1-methylnicotinamide	mNAM	B3 vitamer	457	20-250 nmol/L	5	4	5.5	na	s, p
				5-100 nmol/L					csf
Cotinine	Cot	Nicotine metabolite	854019	<3000 nmol/L	1	3	4.2	0.92	s, p, u
Trans-3′-hydroxycotinine	OHCot	Nicotine metabolite	107963	<1500 nmol/L	2	3.6	4.5	0.85	s, p, u
Trigonelline	Trig	Alkaloid	5570	<25 µmol/L	0.01	2.9	3.8	0.66	s, p
Trimethylamine N-oxide	TMAO	Amine oxide	1145	0.5-60 µmol/L	0.1	4.2	6.9	<0.38	s, p, u
				0.2-12 µmol/L					csf
Imidazole propionate	ImP	Histidine metabolite	70630	3-500 nmol/L	2				s, p
3-Indoxyl sulfate	3IS	Indole, Trp metabolite	10258	0.9-30 µmol/L	0.2				s, p
Indole-3-acetamide	IAM	Indole, Trp metabolite	397	0-10 nmol/L	1				s, p
Indole-3-acetate	IAA	Indole, Trp metabolite	802	0.3-23 µmol/L	0.05				s, p
Indole-3-aldehyde	IAld	Indole, Trp metabolite	10256	0.01-0.20 µmol/L	4				s, p
Indole-3-lactate	ILA	Indole, Trp metabolite	92904	0.08-5 µmol/L	0.025				s, p
Indole-3-propionate	IPA	Indole, Trp metabolite	3744	0.5-12 µmol/L	0.04				s, p

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
5-Methyl-tetrahydrofolate	mTHF	Folate	439234	>7.5	0.07	5-9	4-5	na	s, p
5-Formyl-tetrahydrofolate	fTHF	Folate	6006	0-2	0.52	8-9	6-11	na	s, p
Folic acid	FA	Folate	6037	0-2	0.27	7-8	6-12	na	s, p
4-α-hydroxy-5-methyl-THF	hmTHF	Oxidized folate			0.2	6-10	6-7	na	s, p
Para-aminobenzoylglutamate	pABG	Folate catabolite	196473	0-0.5	0.08	6-9	3-10	na	s, p
Acetamidobenzoylglutamate	apABG	Folate catabolite	3080868	0.1-1	0.13	5-6	5-9	na	s, p
Serum folate as pABG equivalents	S pABG	Folate		>7.5					s, p
RBC folate as pABG equivalents	E pABG	Folate		>340					e

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
Serum folate	s-Folate	B vitamin	>7.5 nmol/L	2	4	5	0.56	s, p
Erythrocyte folate	e-Folate	B vitamin	>340 nmol/L					e
Serum cobalamin	s-B12	B vitamin	>150 pmol/L	30	4	5	0.82	s, p

Proteins	Abbr	Category	UniProt	Proteoforms	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC**	Matrix
C-reactive protein	CRP	Protein	P02741	1	0-10 µg/mL	0.1	4-5	7-9	0.5-0.7	s, p
Serum amyloid A and proteoforms	SAA	Protein	P0DJI8, P0DJI9	18	0-20 µg/mL	0.05	4-5	8-10	0.4-0.7	s, p
Calprotectin and proteoforms	S100A	Protein	P05109, P06702	6*	0-30 µg/mL	0.02	4-7	7-8	0.3-0.5	s, p
Cystatin C and proteoforms	CnC	Protein	P01034	5*	0-8 µg/mL	0.01	4-5	4-5	0.7	s, p
Glycated hemoglobin	HbA1c	Protein	P69905, F8W6P5	na	4-14 %	na	2-6	na	na	w

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
All-trans retinol	Vit. A	A vitamer	445354	1.46-2.84 µmol/L	0.1	2.9	3.6	0.87	s, p
25-hydroxy vitamin D2	25OH-D2	D vitamer	5710148	0-30 nmol/L	5	6.6	8.1	na	s, p
25-hydroxy vitamin D3	25OH-D3	D vitamer	5283731	32.4-98.5 nmol/L	3.3	5.1	6.1	0.71	s, p
α-tocopherol	aToc	E vitamer	14985	18.9-38.8.0 µmol/L	2	4.3	5.8	0.86	s, p
γ-tocopherol	gToc	E vitamer	92729	2-11 µmol/L	0.1	3.7	5	na	s, p
Phylloquinone	Vit. K1	K vitamer	5284607	0.1-8.7 nmol/L	0.5	4.8	7.4	0.49	s, p
Myristoylcarnitine	C14	Acylcarnitine	6426854	0.01-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na	0.38	s, p
Palmitoylcarnitine	C16	Acylcarnitine	461	0.05-0.25 µmol/L	na	na	na	0.49	s, p
Stearoylcarnitine	C18	Acylcarnitine	52922056	0.03-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na	0.40	s, p
Oleoylcarnitine	C18:1	Acylcarnitine	46907933	0.04-0.2 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p
Linoleylcarnitine	C18:2	Acylcarnitine	6450015	0.01-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p

Metabolites	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix
Butyrobetaine	BB	Quarternary ammonium	725	0.4-2	0.2				s, p
Carnitine	C0	Carnitine	288	20-80	0.5			np	s, p
Acetylcarnitine	C2	Acylcarnitine	7045767	3-15	0.1			0.63	s, p
Propionylcarnitine	C3	Acylcarnitine	107738	0.2-1.5	0.05			0.62	s, p
Butyrylcarnitine	C4	Acylcarnitine	213144	0.1-0.5	0.012				s, p
Isovalerylcarnitine	iC5	Acylcarnitine	6426851	0.06-0.2	0.05			0.68	s, p
Hexanoylcarnitine	C6	Acylcarnitine	6426853	0.01-1.2	0.01				s, p
Octanoylcarnitine	C8	Acylcarnitine	123701	0.06-0.3	0.05			0.41	s, p
Decanoylcarnitine	C10	Acylcarnitine	10245190	0.2-1	0.02				s, p
Dodecanoylcarnitine	C12	Acylcarnitine	168381	< 0.4	0.02				s, p
Myristoylcarnitine	C14	Acylcarnitine	6426854	0.01-0.1	na	na	na	0.38	s, p
Palmitoylcarnitine	C16	Acylcarnitine	461	0.05-0.25	na	na	na	0.49	s, p
Stearoylcarnitine	C18	Acylcarnitine	52922056	0.03-0.1	na	na	na	0.40	s, p
Oleoylcarnitine	C18:1	Acylcarnitine	46907933	0.04-0.2	na	na	na		s, p
Linoleylcarnitine	C18:2	Acylcarnitine	6450015	0.01-0.1	na	na	na		s, p

All

Biomarkers	Abbr	Category	PubChem	Reported	LOD	CV Wtn	CV Btw	ICC	Matrix	Platform
Citrate	Cit	Tricarboxylic acid	311	90-200 µmol/L					s, p	A
Isocitrate	iCit	Tricarboxylic acid	1198	2-22 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
α-Ketoglutarate	aKG	Keto acid	51	2-40 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Fumarate	Fum	Dicarboxylic acid	444972	0.5-4 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Malate	Mal	β-Hydroxy acid	525	2-21 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Pyruvate	Pyr	α-Keto acid	1060	80-160 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Lactate	Lac	α-Hydroxy acid	612	500-1600 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Formate	Frm	Short-chain fatty acid	284	8-100 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Acetate	Ace	Short-chain fatty acid	175-176	80-300 µmol/L					s, p	A
Propionate	Pro	Short-chain fatty acid	1042	1-13 µmol/L					s, p	A
Butyrate	But	Short-chain fatty acid	264	1-30 µmol/L					s, p	A
Isobutyrate	iBut	Short-chain fatty acid	6590	0.7-6 µmol/L					s, p, csf	A
Valerate	Vlr	Short-chain fatty acid	7991	0.2-1 µmol/L					s, p	A
Isovalerate	iVlr	Short-chain fatty acid	10430	0.3-3 µmol/L					s, p	A
α-Methylbutyrate	aMB	Short-chain fatty acid	8314	0.3-3 µmol/L					s, p	A
Methylmalonic acid	MMA	Carboxylic acid	487	<0.26 µmol/L	0.03	2.4	3	0.81	s, p, u	B
Total homocysteine	tHcy	Sulfur amino acid	91552	5-15 µmol/L	0.1	1.4	2.7	0.72	s, p, u	B
Total cysteine	tCys	Sulfur amino acid	5862	150-350 µmol/L	50	1	2	0.62	s, p, u	B
Methionine	Met	Essential amino acid	6137	18-50 µmol/L	1	2.2	4.1	0.33	s, p, u	B
Serine	Ser	Polar amino acid	5951	95-125 µmol/L	5	1.3	1.7	0.71	s, p, u	B
Glycine	Gly	Hydrophobic amino acid	750	200-300 µmol/L	3	1.3	1.7	0.81	s, p, u	B
Cystathionine	Cysta	Thioether	439258	<0.4 µmol/L	0.02	2.3	2.9	0.63	s, p, u	B
Sarcosine	Sarc	Methylated amino acid	1088	0.7-2.3 µmol/L	0.035	1.3	1.6	0.68	s, p, u	B
Histidine	His	Essential amino acid	6274	50-100 µmol/L	1	2	3	na	s, p, u	B
Tryptophan	Trp	Essential aromatic amino acid	6305	40-90 µmol/L	0.1	1.6	2.6	0.51	s, p, u	B
Kynurenine	Kyn	Trp metabolite	161166	1.0-3.0 µmol/L	0.12	1.9	2.3	0.68	s, p, u	B
Ornithine	Orn	Charged amino acid	6262	30-90 µmol/L	1	2.2	2.7		s, p, u	B
Aspartic acid	Asp	Charged amino acid	5960	0-26 µmol/L	0.5	1.8	4		s, p, u	B
Glutamic acid	Glu	Charged amino acid	33032	20-140 µmol/L	0.5	1.7	2.7		s, p, u	B
Lysine	Lys	Essential amino acid	5962	120-290 µmol/L	1.2	1.4	1.9		s, p, u	B
Alanine	Ala	Hydrophobic amino acid	5950	230-510 µmol/L	1	1.2	1.4		s, p, u	B
Phenylalanine	Phe	Essential aromatic amino acid	6140	26-85 µmol/L	0.5	1.5	3		s, p, u	B
Isoleucine	Ile	Essential BCAA	6306	40-140 µmol/L	0.5	1.5	1.8		s, p, u	B
Leucine	Leu	Essential BCAA	6106	70-170 µmol/L	0.5	3.4	4		s, p, u	B
Proline	Pro	Hydrophobic amino acid	145742	110-360 µmol/L	0.5	2.8	3.7		s, p, u	B
Valine	Val	Essential BCAA	6287	150-350 µmol/L	0.5	2.2	2.7		s, p, u	B
Asparagine	Asn	Polar amino acid	6267	20-130 µmol/L	0.6	3	3		s, p, u	B
Glutamine	Gln	Polar amino acid	5961	390-700 µmol/L	10	2.1	2.7		s, p, u	B
Threonine	Thr	Essential amino acid	6288	70-240 µmol/L	1.2	2.4	3.3		s, p, u	B
Tyrosine	Tyr	Aromatic amino acid	6057	40-110 µmol/L	0.5	2.1	2.8		s, p, u	B
α-Hydroxyglutaric acid	aHG	Alfa hydroxy acid	43	0.15-2 µmol/L					s, p, u	B
3-Hydroxyisobutyrate	3HIB	Val metabolite	440873	15-25 µmol/L	3	2.4	2.9		s, p, u	B
2-Hydroxybutyrate	aHB	Alfa hydroxy acid	11266	10-60 µmol/L	3	1.7	2.3		s, p	B
3-Hydroxybutyrate	bHB	Keton body	441	20-700 µmol/L	3	1.9	3.4		s, p	B
Acetoacetate	AcAc	Keton body	96	10-200 µmol/L	5				s, p	B
Carboxymethyllysine	CML	an AGE	123800	0.05-0.3 µmol/L	0.03				s, p	B
Carboxyethyllysine	CEL	an AGE	23400779	0.05-0.4 µmol/L	0.03				s, p	B
2-Aminoadipic acid	2AAA	Lys metabolite	469	0.3-1.8 µmol/L					s, p	B
β-Aminoisobutyrate	BAIBA	Val metabolite	64956	0.3-2.0 µmol/L					s, p	B
Beta-alanine	bAla	Beta amino acid	239	0.5-10 µmol/L					s, p	B
3-Hydroxykynurenine	HK		11811						u	B
Kynurenic acid	KA		3845						u	B
Anthranilic acid	AA		227						u	B
Xanthurenic acid	XA		5699						u	B
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid	HAA		86						u	B
Choline	Chol	Quarternary ammonium	305	5-15 µmol/L	0.5	2.8	3.2	0.36	s, p, u	C
Choline, total	tChol	Choline esters		2-3 mmol/L	0.5				s, p	C
Trimethylamine N-oxide	TMAO	Amine oxide	1145	0.5-60 µmol/L	0.1	4	4.1	<0.38	s, p, u	C
Betaine	Bet	Methylated amino acid	247	20-60 µmol/L	0.5	3.8	4.5	0.65	s, p, u	C
Dimethylglycine	DMG	Methylated amino acid	673	1.5–5 µmol/L	0.25	5.5	5.9	0.64	s, p, u	C
Total homocysteine	tHcy	Amino acid	91552	6-20 µmol/L	0.1	1	2	0.72	s, p, u	C
Creatine	Crn	Alpha amino acid	586	10-100 µmol/L	1	3.9	4	na	s, p, u	C
Creatinine	Creat	Alpha amino acid	588	50-100 µmol/L	0.25	2.6	3.1	0.79	s, p, u	C
Methionine	Met	Essential amino acid	6137	18-50 µmol/L	1	4.1	4.5	0.33	s, p	C
Methionine sulfoxide	MetSo	Polar amino acid	158980	0.5-5 µmol/L	0.06	7.1	7.9	0.36	s, p	C
Cystathionine	Cysta	Thioether	439258	< 0.4 µmol/L	0.025	6-12	7-10	0.63	s, p	C
Total cysteine	tCys	Sulfur amino acid	5862	150-400 µmol/L	0.1	2	6	0.56	s, p	C
Histidine	His	Essential amino acid	6274	50-100 µmol/L	0.25	3.5	3.8	na	s, p	C
3-Methylhistidine	3-MH	Amino acid	92105	2.7-10 µmol/L	0.6	4.4	4.9	na	s, p, u	C
1-Methylhistidine	1-MH	Amino acid	64969	0.5-15 µmol/L	0.25	3.7	3.9	na	s, p, u	C
Citrulline	Ctn	Amino acid	9750	10-60 µmol/L	4	7-8	6-9	na	s, p	C
Ornithine	Orn	Charged amino acid	6262	30-90 µmol/L	0.5	7-8	7-9	na	s, p	C
Arginine	Arg	Charged amino acid	6322	40-100 µmol/L	0.25	2.6	3	0.53	s, p	C
Asymmetric dimethylarginine	ADMA	Guanidinated amino acid	123831	0.4-0.8 µmol/L	0.08	5.2	5.5	0.53	s, p	C
Symmetric dimethylarginine	SDMA	Guanidinated amino acid	169148	0.4-0.9 µmol/L	0.08	4.8	5.2	0.62	s, p	C
Homoarginine	hArg	Guanidinated amino acid	9085	1-6 µmol/L	0.1	5.8	6	0.65	s, p	C
Trimethyllysine	TML	Methylated amino acid	440121	0.3-2 µmol/L	0.2	4	4.4	0.15	s, p	C
Butyrobetaine	BB	Quarternary ammonium	725	0.4-2 µmol/L	0.2				s, p	C
Carnitine	C0	Carnitine	288	20-80 µmol/L	0.5			0.69	s, p	C
Carnitine, total	tC0	Carnitines		30-90 µmol/L	0.5				s, p	C
Acetylcarnitine	C2	Acylcarnitine	7045767	3-15 µmol/L	0.1			0.63	s, p	C
Propionylcarnitine	C3	Acylcarnitine	107738	0.2-1.5 µmol/L	0.05			0.62	s, p	C
Butyrylcarnitine	C4	Acylcarnitine	213144	0.1-0.5 µmol/L	0.012				s, p	C
Isovalerylcarnitine	iC5	Acylcarnitine	6426851	0.06-0.2 µmol/L	0.05			0.68	s, p	C
Glutarylcarnitine	C5DC	Acylcarnitine	71464488	< 0.05 µmol/L	0.01				s, p	C
Hexanoylcarnitine	C6	Acylcarnitine	6426853	0.01-1.2 µmol/L	0.01				s, p	C
Octanoylcarnitine	C8	Acylcarnitine	123701	0.06-0.3 µmol/L	0.05			0.41	s, p	C
Decanoylcarnitine	C10	Acylcarnitine	10245190	0.2-1 µmol/L	0.02				s, p	C
Dodecanoylcarnitine	C12	Acylcarnitine	168381	< 0.4 µmol/L	0.02				s, p	C
Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate	PLP	B6 vitamer	1051	15–150 nmol//L	0.2	3.5	5.7	0.7	s, p	D
				7-70 nmol					csf	D
Pyridoxal	PL	B6 vitamer	1050	5–150 nmol/L	0.2	3.5	5.1	0.62	s, p	D
				10-50 nmol/L					csf	D
4-Pyridoxic acid	PA	B6 vitamer	6723	10–200 nmol/L	0.5	3.6	5.8	0.58	s, p	D
				0-15 nmol/L					csf	D
Pyridoxine	PN	B6 vitamer	1054		0.05	4.5	5.2	na	s, p	D
Thiamine	Thi	B1 vitamer	1130	2–50 nmol/L	0.25	3.5	4.9		s, p	D
				5-40 nmol/L					csf	D
Thiamine monophosphate	TMP	B1 vitamer	1131	2–15 nmol/L	0.5	7.1	11.6		s, p	D
				25-75 µmol/L					csf	D
Riboflavin	Ribo	B2 vitamer	493570	5–100 nmol/L	0.2	6	7.1	0.79	s, p	D
				5-25 nmol/L					csf	D
Flavin mononucleotide	FMN	B2 vitamer	643976	3–30 nmol/L	0.4	5.7	8.1	0.69	s, p	D
				1-2 nmol/L					csf	D
Cystathionine	Cysta	Thioether	439258	<0.4 µmol/L	0.02	3.4	4.5	0.63	s, p	D
Neopterin	Neopt	Pteridine	4455	5-50 nmol/L	0.7	5.3	6.6	0.6	s, p	D
				5-50 nmol/L					csf	D
Tryptophan	Trp	Essential aromatic amino acid	6305	40-90 µmol/L	4	3.1	3.9	0.51	s, p	D
				2-7 µmol/L					csf	D
Kynurenine	Kyn	Trp metabolite	161166	1.0-3.0 µmol/L	0.007	3.6	5.1	0.68	s, p	D
				0.02-0.12 µmol/L					csf	D
Kynurenic acid	KA	Trp metabolite	3845	20-100 nmol/L	0.4	4.4	5.4	0.68	s, p	D
				0.5-15 nmol/L					csf	D
Quinaldic acid	Qld	Trp (KA) metabolite	7124	0.2-100 nmol/L	0.5	6-7	6-8	na	s, p	D
				0.1-10 nmol/L					csf	D
Anthranilic acid	AA	Trp metabolite	227	7-30 nmol/L	0.7	7.4	9.5	0.64	s, p	D
				3-14 nmol/L					csf	D
3-Hydroxykynurenine	HK	Trp metabolite	11811	25-80 nmol/L	2	3.2	4.5	0.62	s, p	D
				0.1-25 nmol/L					csf	D
Xanthurenic acid	XA	Trp metabolite	5699	2-35 nmol/L	0.5	4.8	5.7	0.58	s, p	D
				<0.5 nmol/L					csf	D
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid	HAA	Trp metabolite	86	10-80 nmol/L	2	4.6	6	0.54	s, p	D
				0-7 nmol/L					csf	D
Cinnabarinic acid	CBA	Trp (HAA) metabolite	114918		0.5			na	s, p	D
									csf	D
Picolinic acid	Pic	Trp metabolite	1018	20-100 nmol/L	8	6-7	5-8	na	s, p	D
				5-100 nmol/L					csf	D
Quinolinic acid	QA	Trp metabolite	1066	150-700 nmol/L	1.6	7-8	7-10	na	s, p	D
				10-150 nmol/L					csf	D
Nicotinic acid	NA	B3 vitamer	938	<20 nmol/L	10	4	5.4	na	s, p	D
Nicotinamide	NAM	B3 vitamer	936	100-600 nmol/L	20	4.2	6.1	na	s, p	D
				5-200 nmol/L					csf	D
N1-methylnicotinamide	mNAM	B3 vitamer	457	20-250 nmol/L	5	4	5.5	na	s, p	D
				5-100 nmol/L					csf	D
Cotinine	Cot	Nicotine metabolite	854019	<3000 nmol/L	1	3	4.2	0.92	s, p, u	D
Trans-3′-hydroxycotinine	OHCot	Nicotine metabolite	107963	<1500 nmol/L	2	3.6	4.5	0.85	s, p, u	D
Trigonelline	Trig	Alkaloid	5570	<25 µmol/L	0.01	2.9	3.8	0.66	s, p	D
Trimethylamine N-oxide	TMAO	Amine oxide	1145	0.5-60 µmol/L		4.2	6.9	<0.38	s, p, u	D
				0.2-12 µmol/L					csf	D
Imidazole propionate	ImP	Histidine metabolite	70630	3-500 nmol/L	2				s, p	D
Urocanate	Uro	Histidine metabolite		0.1-0.6 µmol/L					s, p	D
3-Indoxyl sulfate	3IS	Indole, Trp metabolite	10258	0.9-30 µmol/L	0.1				s, p	D
Indole-3-acetamide	IAM	Indole, Trp metabolite	397	0-10 nmol/L	0.8				s, p	D
Indole-3-acetate	IAA	Indole, Trp metabolite	802	0.3-23 µmol/L	0.05				s, p	D
Indole-3-acetaldehyde	IAAld	Indole, Trp metabolite	800						s, p	D
Indole-3-aldehyde	IAld	Indole, Trp metabolite	10256	0.01-0.20 µmol/L	4				s, p	D
Indole-3-lactate	ILA	Indole, Trp metabolite	92904	0.08-5 µmol/L	0.025				s, p	D
Indole-3-acrylate	IAcA	Indole, Trp metabolite	5375048						s, p	D
Indole-3-propionate	IPA	Indole, Trp metabolite	3744	0.5-12 µmol/L	0.02				s, p	D
5-Methyl-tetrahydrofolate	mTHF	Folate	439234	>7.5 nmol/L	0.07	5-9	4-5	na	s, p	E
5-Formyl-tetrahydrofolate	fTHF	Folate	6006	0-2 nmol/l	0.52	8-9	6-11	na	s, p	E
Folic acid	FA	Folate	6037	0-2 nmol/L	0.27	7-8	6-12	na	s, p	E
4-Alfa-hydroxy-5-methyl-THF	hmTHF	Oxidized folate			0.2	6-10	6-7	na	s, p	E
Para-aminobenzoylglutamate	pABG	Folate catabolite	196473	0-0.5 nmol/L	0.08	6-9	3-10	na	s, p	E
Acetamidobenzoylglutamate	apABG	Folate catabolite	3080868	0.1-1 nmol/L	0.13	5-6	5-10	na	s, p	E
Serum folate as pABG equivalents	S pABG	Folate		>7.5 nmol/L					s, p	E
RBC folate as pABG equivalents	E pABG	Folate		>340 nmol/L					e	E
Serum folate	s-Folate	B-vitamin		>7.5 nmol/L	2	4	5	0.56	s, p	F
Erythrocyte folate	e-Folate	B-vitamin		>340 nmol/L					e	F
Serum cobalamin	s-B12	B-vitamin		>150 pmol/L	30	4	5	0.82	s, p	F
C-reactive protein	hsCRP	Protein		0-10 µg/ml	0.06	3-6	3-7	0.54	s, p	G
Serum amyloid A and variants	SAA	Protein		0-20 µg/ml	0.04			na	s, p	G
Calprotectin and variants	Calp	Protein		0-30 µg/ml	0.02			na	s, p	G
Cystatin C and variants	Cys-C	Protein		0-8 µg/ml	0.01	3-9	5-8	na	s, p	G
HbA1c	HbA1c	Protein		4-14 %	na	5	na	na	w	G
All-trans retinol	Vit. A	A vitamer	445354	1.46-2.84 µmol/L	0.1	2.9	3.6	0.87	s, p	H
25-hydroxy vitamin D2	25OH-D2	D vitamer	5710148	0-30 nmol/L	3.3	6.6	8.1	na	s, p	H
25-hydroxy vitamin D3	25OH-D3	D vitamer	5283731	32.4-98.5 nmol/L	3.3	5.1	6.1	0.71	s, p	H
alpha-tocopherol	aToc	E vitamer	14985	18.9-38.8.0 µmol/L	2	4.3	5.8	0.86	s, p	H
gamma-tocopherol	gToc	E vitamer	92729	2-11 µmol/L	0.1	3.7	5	na	s, p	H
Phylloquinone	Vit. K1	K vitamer	5284607	0.1-8.7 nmol/L	0.5	4.8	7.4	0.49	s, p	H
Menaquinone-4	Vit. K2	K vitamer	5282367		na	na	na	na		H
Myristoylcarnitine	C14	Acylcarnitine	6426854	0.01-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na	0.38	s, p	H
Palmitoylcarnitine	C16	Acylcarnitine	461	0.05-0.25 µmol/L	na	na	na	0.49	s, p	H
Stearoylcarnitine	C18	Acylcarnitine	52922056	0.03-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na	0.40	s, p	H
Oleoylcarnitine	C18:1	Acylcarnitine	46907933	0.04-0.2 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	H
Linoleylcarnitine	C18:2	Acylcarnitine	6450015	0.01-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	H
Trimethyllysine	TML	Methylated amino acid		0.3-2 µmol/L					s, p	I
Butyrobetaine	BB	Quarternary ammonium	725	0.4-2 µmol/L	0.2				s, p	I
Carnitine	C0	Carnitine	288	20-80 µmol/L	0.5				s, p	I
Carnitine, total**	tC0	Carnitines		30-90 µmol/L	0.5				s, p	I
Acetylcarnitine	C2	Acylcarnitine	7045767	3-15 µmol/L	0.1				s, p	I
Propionylcarnitine	C3	Acylcarnitine	107738	0.2-1.5 µmol/L	0.05				s, p	I
Malonylcarnitine	C3DC	Acylcarnitine	91825606	0.03-0.2 µmol/L					s, p	I
Butyrylcarnitine	C4	Acylcarnitine	213144	0.1-0.5 µmol/L	0.012				s, p	I
Isovalerylcarnitine	iC5	Acylcarnitine	6426851	0.06-0.2 µmol/L	0.05				s, p	I
Glutarylcarnitine	C5DC	Acylcarnitine	71464488	< 0.05 µmol/L	0.01				s, p	I
Hexanoylcarnitine	C6	Acylcarnitine	6426853	0.01-1.2 µmol/L	0.01				s, p	I
Octanoylcarnitine	C8	Acylcarnitine	123701	0.06-0.3 µmol/L	0.05				s, p	I
Decanoylcarnitine	C10	Acylcarnitine	10245190	0.2-1 µmol/L	0.02				s, p	I
Dodecanoylcarnitine	C12	Acylcarnitine	168381	< 0.4 µmol/L	0.02				s, p	I
Myristoylcarnitine	C14	Acylcarnitine	6426854	0.01-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	I
Palmitoylcarnitine	C16	Acylcarnitine	461	0.05-0.25 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	I
Stearoylcarnitine	C18	Acylcarnitine	52922056	0.03-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	I
Oleoylcarnitine	C18:1	Acylcarnitine	46907933	0.04-0.2 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	I
Linoleylcarnitine	C18:2	Acylcarnitine	6450015	0.01-0.1 µmol/L	na	na	na		s, p	I

July 7, 2022

BEVITAL AS

Assessment of disease risk by targeted metabolomics

Methods

BEVITAL platforms A – I

TCA metabolites and intermediates. Short-chain fatty acids.
GC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

Amino- and carboxylic acids.
GC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

Choline derivatives. Charged, methylated or sulfur amino acids. Short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines.
LC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

Kynurenine pathway and B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6).
LC-MS/MS: 60-200 µL vol.

Folate species and catabolites.
LC-MS/MS: 60-200 µL vol.

Folate (B9) and cobalamin (B12).
Microbiological assay: 20-100 µL vol.

Protein biomarkers and variants.
MALDI-TOF MS: 30-60 µL vol.

Lipid-soluble vitamins and long-chain acylcarnitines.
LC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

This platform is under development.
Short-, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines.
LC (HILIC)-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

All biomarkers sorted by platform

TCA metabolites and intermediates. Short-chain fatty acids.
Volume: 50-200 µL

Amino- and carboxylic acids.
Volume: 50-200 µL

Choline derivatives. Charged, methylated or sulfur amino acids. Short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines.
Volume: 50-200 µL

Kynurenine pathway and B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6).
Volume: 60-200 µL

BEVITAL AS

Laboratory building, 9th floor
Jonas Lies veg 87
5021 Bergen, NORWAY

Contact: +47 55974672
post@bevital.no

VAT no.: 985694931
Bank account:

IBAN NO71 52450601764, DNB

5020 Bergen, NORWAY

Methods

BEVITAL platforms A – I

TCA metabolites and intermediates. Short-chain fatty acids.GC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

Amino- and carboxylic acids. GC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

Choline derivatives. Charged, methylated or sulfur amino acids. Short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines.LC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

Kynurenine pathway and B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6).LC-MS/MS: 60-200 µL vol.

Folate species and catabolites.LC-MS/MS: 60-200 µL vol.

Folate (B9) and cobalamin (B12).Microbiological assay: 20-100 µL vol.

Protein biomarkers and variants.MALDI-TOF MS: 30-60 µL vol.

Lipid-soluble vitamins and long-chain acylcarnitines.LC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

This platform is under development.Short-, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines.LC (HILIC)-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

All biomarkers sorted by platform

TCA metabolites and intermediates. Short-chain fatty acids.Volume: 50-200 µL

Amino- and carboxylic acids. Volume: 50-200 µL

Choline derivatives. Charged, methylated or sulfur amino acids. Short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines.Volume: 50-200 µL

Kynurenine pathway and B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6).Volume: 60-200 µL

BEVITAL AS

Laboratory building, 9th floor Jonas Lies veg 875021 Bergen, NORWAY

Contact: +47 55974672post@bevital.no

VAT no.: 985694931Bank account:

IBAN NO71 52450601764, DNB

5020 Bergen, NORWAY

TCA metabolites and intermediates. Short-chain fatty acids.
GC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

Amino- and carboxylic acids.
GC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

Choline derivatives. Charged, methylated or sulfur amino acids. Short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines.
LC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

Kynurenine pathway and B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6).
LC-MS/MS: 60-200 µL vol.

Folate species and catabolites.
LC-MS/MS: 60-200 µL vol.

Folate (B9) and cobalamin (B12).
Microbiological assay: 20-100 µL vol.

Protein biomarkers and variants.
MALDI-TOF MS: 30-60 µL vol.

Lipid-soluble vitamins and long-chain acylcarnitines.
LC-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

This platform is under development.
Short-, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines.
LC (HILIC)-MS/MS: 50-200 µL vol.

TCA metabolites and intermediates. Short-chain fatty acids.
Volume: 50-200 µL

Amino- and carboxylic acids.
Volume: 50-200 µL

Choline derivatives. Charged, methylated or sulfur amino acids. Short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines.
Volume: 50-200 µL

Kynurenine pathway and B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6).
Volume: 60-200 µL

Laboratory building, 9th floor
Jonas Lies veg 87
5021 Bergen, NORWAY

Contact: +47 55974672
post@bevital.no

VAT no.: 985694931
Bank account: