Chemical structures and descriptions

3-Hydroxy-isobutyrate

3HIB

What is measured?

Synonyms: β-Hydroxyisobutyrate, 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate
Method(s): GC-MS/MS (1).

What is 3-hydroxyisobutyrate?

3-Hydroxyisobutyrate (3HIB) is a catabolic intermediate of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), valine. 3HIB has recently been identified as a bioactive paracrine metabolite that is secreted from muscle and regulates trans-endothelial flux of fatty acids. Increased catabolic flux of BCAA may increase secretion of 3HIB from muscle, leading to increased import of fatty acid into muscle and accumulation of lipotoxic, incompletely esterified intermediates that blunt insulin signalling (2). Accordingly, elevated 3HIB in serum has been observed in individuals with diabetes, and recently to be associated with incident diabetes type 2 (3).

Indication(s)

Assessment of cardiovascular risk and risk of diabetes type 2, linked to levels of BCAA.

Specimen, collection and processing

Patient/subject: No special precaution.
Matrix: Serum or EDTA plasma.
Volume: Minimum volume is 50 µL, but 200 µL is optimal and allows reanalysis.
Preparation and stability: Stable.

Transportation

Frozen, on dry ice. (for general instruction on transportation, click here)

Reported values, interpretation

Reported values: 15-25 µmol/L
Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC): na.

Literature

1. Midttun, Ø., McCann, A., Aarseth, O., Krokeide, M., Kvalheim, G., Meyer, K., and Ueland, P.M. (2016). Combined measurement of 6 fat-soluble vitamins and 26 water-soluble functional vitamin markers and amino acids in 50 μL of serum or plasma by high-throughput mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 88, 10427-436.
2. Jang, C., Oh, S.F., Wada, S., Rowe, G.C., Liu, L., Chan, M.C., Rhee, J., Hoshino, A., Kim, B., et al. (2016). A branched-chain amino acid metabolite drives vascular fatty acid transport and causes insulin resistance. Nat Med 22, 421-26.
3. Arany, Z., and Neinast, M. (2018). Branched chain amino acids in metabolic disease. Curr Diab Rep 18, 76.

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562 entries « 1 of 29 »
1.

Bakker, Lieke; Ramakers, Inez H G B; van Greevenbroek, Marleen M J; Backes, Walter H; Jansen, Jacobus F A; Schram, Miranda T; van der Kallen, Carla J H; Schalkwijk, Casper G; Wesselius, Anke; Ulvik, Arve; Ueland, Per M; Verhey, Frans R J; Eussen, Simone J P M; Köhler, Sebastian

The kynurenine pathway and markers of neurodegeneration and cerebral small vessel disease: The Maastricht Study Journal Article

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Holthuijsen, Daniëlle D B; van Roekel, Eline H; Bours, Martijn J L; Ueland, Per M; Breukink, Stéphanie O; Janssen-Heijnen, Maryska L G; Konsten, Joop L; Keulen, Eric T P; McCann, Adrian; Brezina, Stefanie; Gigic, Biljana; Kok, Dieuwertje E; Ulrich, Cornelia M; Weijenberg, Matty P; Eussen, Simone J P M

Modeling how iso-caloric macronutrient substitutions are longitudinally associated with plasma kynurenines in colorectal cancer survivors up to 12 months post-treatment Journal Article

In: J Nutr Biochem, vol. 141, pp. 109910, 2025, ISSN: 1873-4847.

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Belen, Sergen; Patt, Nadine; Kupjetz, Marie; Ueland, Per M; McCann, Adrian; Gonzenbach, Roman; Bansi, Jens; Zimmer, Philipp

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Dahl, Tuva B; Aftab, Friha; Prebensen, Christian; Berdal, Jan-Erik; Ueland, Thor; Barratt-Due, Andreas; Riise, Anne Ma Dyrhol; Ueland, Per Magne; Hov, Johannes R; Trøseid, Marius; Aukrust, Pål; Gregersen, Ida; Myhre, Peder L; Omland, Torbjørn; Halvorsen, Bente

Imidazole propionate is increased in severe COVID-19 and correlates with cardiac involvement Miscellaneous

2025, ISSN: 1532-2742.

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Banjara, Sarala; Berggreen, Ellen; Igland, Jannicke; Åstrøm, Anne-Kristine; Midttun, Øivind; Bunæs, Dagmar; Sulo, Gerhard

Plasma levels of immune system activation markers Neopterin and Kynurenine-to-Tryptophan Ratio, and oral health among community-dwelling adults in Norway: a population-based, cohort study Journal Article

In: Acta Odontol Scand, vol. 84, pp. 218–225, 2025, ISSN: 1502-3850.

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Holthuijsen, Daniëlle D B; Rijnhart, Judith J M; Bours, Martijn J L; van Roekel, Eline H; Ueland, Per M; Breukink, Stéphanie O; Janssen-Heijnen, Maryska L G; Konsten, Joop L; Keulen, Eric T P; McCann, Adrian; Brezina, Stefanie; Gigic, Biljana; Ulrich, Cornelia M; Weijenberg, Matty P; Eussen, Simone J P M

Longitudinal associations of dietary intake with fatigue in colorectal cancer survivors up to 1 year post-treatment, and the potential mediating role of the kynurenine pathway Journal Article

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Joisten, Niklas; Reuter, Marcel; Rosenberger, Friederike; Venhorst, Andreas; Kupjetz, Marie; Walzik, David; Schenk, Alexander; McCann, Adrian; Ueland, Per Magne; Meyer, Tim; Zimmer, Philipp

Exercise training restores longevity-associated tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid levels in middle-aged adults Journal Article

In: Acta Physiol (Oxf), vol. 241, no. 5, pp. e70041, 2025, ISSN: 1748-1716.

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Jørgensen, Silje F; Braadland, Peder R; Ueland, Thor; Fraz, Mai S A; Michelsen, Annika E; Holm, Kristian; Osnes, Liv T; Trøseid, Marius; Ueland, Per Magne; Fevang, Børre; Aukrust, Pål; Hov, Johannes R

Tryptophan-kynurenine metabolites associate with inflammation and immunologic phenotypes in common variable immunodeficiency Journal Article

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Grytten, Elise; Laupsa-Borge, Johnny; Cetin, Kaya; Bohov, Pavol; Nordrehaug, Jan Erik; Skorve, Jon; Berge, Rolf K; Strand, Elin; Bjørndal, Bodil; Nygård, Ottar K; Rostrup, Espen; Mellgren, Gunnar; Dankel, Simon N

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Trollebø, Marte A; Tangvik, Randi J; Skeie, Eli; Nygård, Ottar; Eagan, Tomas M L; McCann, Adrian; Dierkes, Jutta

Metabolic profiles and malnutrition in hospitalized adults: A metabolomic cohort study Journal Article

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Valim, Valéria; Oliveira, Fabíola R; Miyamoto, Samira T; Serrano, Érica V; Balarini, Gabriela M; Tanure, Leandro A; Ferreira, Gilda A; Zandonade, Eliana; Brun, Johan G; Jonsson, Malin; Maeland, Elisabeth; Ulvik, Arve; Ueland, Per Magne; Jonsson, Roland; Mydel, Piotr M

Kynurenines and neopterin are interferon-gamma-inducible biomarkers for Sjögren's disease Journal Article

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Wilson, Edward N; Umans, Jacob; Swarovski, Michelle S; Minhas, Paras S; Mendiola, Justin H; Midttun, Øivind; Ulvik, Arve; Shahid-Besanti, Marian; Linortner, Patricia; Mhatre, Siddhita D; Wang, Qian; Channappa, Divya; Corso, Nicole K; Tian, Lu; Fredericks, Carolyn A; Kerchner, Geoffrey A; Plowey, Edward D; Cholerton, Brenna; Ueland, Per M; Zabetian, Cyrus P; Gray, Nora E; Quinn, Joseph F; Montine, Thomas J; Sha, Sharon J; Longo, Frank M; Wolk, David A; Chen-Plotkin, Alice; Henderson, Victor W; Wyss-Coray, Tony; Wagner, Anthony D; Mormino, Elizabeth C; Aghaeepour, Nima; Poston, Kathleen L; Andreasson, Katrin I

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Ramos-Rodríguez, Carla; Rojas-Gomez, Alejandra; Santos-Calderón, Luis A; Ceruelo, Santiago; Ríos, Lídia; Ueland, Per M; Fernandez-Ballart, Joan D; Salas-Huetos, Albert; Murphy, Michelle M

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Svenningsson, Mads M; Svingen, Gard Ft; Ueland, Per M; Sulo, Gerhard; Bjørnestad, Espen Ø; Pedersen, Eva R; Dhar, Indu; Nilsen, Dennis W; Nygård, Ottar

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Damerell, Victoria; Klaassen-Dekker, Niels; Brezina, Stefanie; Ose, Jennifer; Ulvik, Arve; van Roekel, Eline H; Holowatyj, Andreana N; Baierl, Andreas; Böhm, Jürgen; Bours, Martijn J L; Brenner, Hermann; de Wilt, Johannes H W; Grady, William M; Habermann, Nina; Hoffmeister, Michael; Keski-Rahkonen, Pekka; Lin, Tengda; Schirmacher, Peter; Schrotz-King, Petra; Ulrich, Alexis B; van Duijnhoven, Fränzel J B; Warby, Christy A; Shibata, David; Toriola, Adetunji T; Figueiredo, Jane C; Siegel, Erin M; Li, Christopher I; Gsur, Andrea; Kampman, Ellen; Schneider, Martin; Ueland, Per M; Weijenberg, Matty P; Ulrich, Cornelia M; Kok, Dieuwertje E; and, Biljana Gigic

Circulating tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites are associated with all-cause mortality among patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer Journal Article

In: Int J Cancer, vol. 156, no. 3, pp. 552–565, 2025, ISSN: 1097-0215.

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Fossdal, Guri; Braadland, Peder; Hov, Johannes Roksund; Husebye, Eystein Sverre; Folseraas, Trine; Ueland, Per Magne; Ulvik, Arve; Karlsen, Tom Hemming; Berge, Rolf Kristian; Vesterhus, Mette

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Walzik, David; Joisten, Niklas; Schenk, Alexander; Trebing, Sina; Schaaf, Kirill; Metcalfe, Alan J; Spiliopoulou, Polyxeni; Hiefner, Johanna; McCann, Adrian; Watzl, Carsten; Ueland, Per Magne; Gehlert, Sebastian; Worthmann, Anna; Brenner, Charles; Zimmer, Philipp

Acute exercise boosts NAD metabolism of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells Journal Article

In: Brain Behav Immun, vol. 123, pp. 1011–1023, 2025, ISSN: 1090-2139.

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Santos-Calderón, Luis A; Cavallé-Busquets, Pere; Ramos-Rodríguez, Carla; Grifoll, Carme; Rojas-Gómez, Alejandra; Ballesteros, Mónica; Ueland, Per M; Murphy, Michelle M

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In: Am J Clin Nutr, vol. 120, no. 5, pp. 1269–1283, 2024, ISSN: 1938-3207.

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Anfinsen, Åslaug Matre; Myklebust, Vilde Haugen; Johannesen, Christina Osland; Christensen, Jacob Juel; Laupsa-Borge, Johnny; Dierkes, Jutta; Nygård, Ottar; McCann, Adrian; Rosendahl-Riise, Hanne; Lysne, Vegard

Serum concentrations of lipids, ketones and acylcarnitines during the postprandial and fasting state: the Postprandial Metabolism (PoMet) study in healthy young adults Journal Article

In: Br J Nutr, vol. 132, no. 7, pp. 851–861, 2024, ISSN: 1475-2662.

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Holthuijsen, Daniëlle D B; van Roekel, Eline H; Bours, Martijn J L; Ueland, Per M; Breukink, Stéphanie O; Janssen-Heijnen, Maryska L G; Keulen, Eric T P; Brezina, Stefanie; Gigic, Biljana; Peoples, Anita R; Ulrich, Cornelia M; Ulvik, Arve; Weijenberg, Matty P; Eussen, Simone J P M

Longitudinal associations of plasma kynurenines and ratios with fatigue and quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors up to 12 months post-treatment Journal Article

In: Int J Cancer, vol. 155, no. 7, pp. 1172–1190, 2024, ISSN: 1097-0215.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

562 entries « 1 of 29 »

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