BEVITAL AS

Targeted Metabolomics Services

2-Aminoadipic acid

2AAA
Updated 21/12/2022

What is measured?

Synonyms: 2-Aminohexanedioic acid, alpha-aminoadipic acid.
Method(s): GC-MS/MS (1).

What is 2-aminoadipic acid?

Aminoadipic acid (2-aminoadipate; 2-AAA) is formed through lysine metabolism or degradation of tissues or plasma proteins. Such degradation has been associated with ageing, renal failure and diabetes, and may be part of a carbonyl stress pathway in diabetes. 2-AAA has neuroexcitatory properties, possible by inhibiting the production of kynurenic acid. Most important, plasma 2-AAA is a strong predictor of incident diabetes, independent of other risk factors (2). The association with diabetes risk has been explained by stimulation of insulin secretion by 2-AAA, as observed in experimental studies.

Indication(s)

Assessment of risk of diabetes type 2.

Specimen, collection and processing

Patient/subject: No special precaution.
Matrix: Serum or EDTA plasma.
Volume: Minimum volume is 50 µL, but 200 µL is optimal and allows reanalysis.
Preparation and stability: Stable.

Transportation

Frozen, on dry ice. (for general instruction on transportation, click here)

Reported values, interpretation

Reported values: 0.3-2 µmol/L
Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC): na.

Literature

1. Midttun, Ø., McCann, A., Aarseth, O., Krokeide, M., Kvalheim, G., Meyer, K., and Ueland, P.M. (2016). Combined measurement of 6 fat-soluble vitamins and 26 water-soluble functional vitamin markers and amino acids in 50 μL of serum or plasma by high-throughput mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 88, 10427-436.
2. Wang, T.J., Ngo, D., Psychogios, N., Dejam, A., Larson, M.G., Vasan, R.S., Ghorbani, A., O’Sullivan, J., Cheng, S., et al. (2013). 2-Aminoadipic acid is a biomarker for diabetes risk. J Clin Invest 123, 4309-317.

Scroll to Top
Cardiometabolic
Inflammation
Microbiome
Nutrition
Categories

Amino acids, amino acid catabolites, acylcarnitines, TCA metabolites, ketone bodies, AGEs



Kynurenines, ratio-derived metabolites, proteins





SCFAs, indoles, choline metabolites, amino acid derived





B-vitamins, functional markers, and methyl donors, fat-soluble vitamins, essential amino acids, meat & fish intake, tobacco use & coffee intake
Biomarkers (n)
65
19
20
41
View

Amino acids: Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Kynurenine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Ornithine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Sarcosine, Serine, Threonine, Total cysteine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine

Amino acid catabolites: 2-Aminoadipic acid, 2-Hydroxybutyrate, 3-Hydroxysiobutyrate, α-Hydroxyglutaric acid, β-Alanine, β-Aminoisobutyrate, β-Hydroxy B-methylbutyric acid, Phenylacetylglutamine

Acylcarnities: BB, C0, C2, C3, C3-DC, C4, C4-OH, C4-DC, iC5, C5-DC, C5:1, C6, C8, C10, C12, C14, C14-OH, C16, C16-OH, C18, C18-OH, C18:1, C18:2

TCA metabolites: α-Ketoglutarate, Citrate, Fumarate, Isocitrate, Lactate, Malate, Pyruvate

Ketone bodies: Acetoacetate, 3-Hydroxybutyrate

AGEs: Carboxyethyllysine, Carboxymethyllysine

View

Kynurenines: 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, Anthranilic acid, Kynurenine, Kynurenic acid, Nicotinic acid, Nicotinamide, N1-methylnicotinamide, Picolinic acid, Quinaldic acid, Quinolinic acid, Xanthurenic acid

Neopterin

Proteins: C-Reactive protein, Calprotectin, Serum Amyloid A

Ratio-derived: Kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, PAr index (PLP, PL, PA)

View

SCFAs: Acetate, Butyrate, Formate, Isobutyrate, Isovalerate, Propionate, Valerate, α-Methylbutyrate

Indoles: 3-Indoxyl sulfate, Imidazole propionate, Indole-3-acetamide, Indole-3-acetate, Indole-3-aldehyde, Indole-3-lactate, Indole-3-propionate

Choline metabolites: Choline, Betaine, DMG, TMAO

Amino acid derived: Phenylacetylglutamine

View

B-vitamins, functional markers, and methyl donors: 4-Pyridoxic acid, Betaine, Choline, Cobalamin, Flavin mononucleotide, Folate, Methylmalonic acid, N1-methylnicotinamide, Nicotinamide, Nicotinic acid, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Pyridoxine, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Thiamine monophosphate, Total homocysteine

Fat-soluble vitamins: 25-hydroxy vitamin D2, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, α-Tocopherol (Vit. E), All-trans retinol (Vit. A), Phylloquinone (Vit. K1), y-Tocopherol (Vit. E)

Essential amino acids: Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine

Meat and fish intake: 1-Methylhistidine, 3-Methylhistidine, B-Alanine, Creatine, Creatinine, TMAO

Tobacco use and coffee intake: Cotinine, Trans-3-hydroxycotinine, Trigonelline

Volume (μl)
200
150
250
300
Analytical techniques
GC- and LC-MS/MS
LC- and MALDI-MS
GC- and LC-MS/MS
GC- and LC-MS/MS

Turnaround time

2-6 weeks, depending on number of samples and laboratory capacity.
Please contact us for a projected time estimate specific to your project.

Olink Proteomics

Please fill out the fields below (*required).
We will respond to you as soon as possible.
Thank you for reaching out to Bevital!

Customized analyses

Please fill out the fields below (*required).
We will reply to you soon for a detailed project discussion.
Thank you for reaching out to Bevital!

Mix-and-Match

Please fill out the fields below (*required).
Mobile phone users should rotate their screen.
We will respond to you as soon as possible.
Thank you for reaching out to Bevital!

Ready-to-Run

Please fill out the fields below (*required).
We will respond as soon as possible.
Thank you for reaching out to Bevital!

Thanks for joining!

Get updates about new method developments, publications and comming events.