BEVITAL AS

Targeted Metabolomics Services

Trans-3′-hydroxycotinine

3HOcot
Updated 21/12/2022

What is trans-3′-hydroxycotinine?

Trans-3′-hydroxycotinine (OHCot) is the main metabolite of cotinine with a half-life of 6.6 h. The metabolism of cotinine to OHCot is mediated by the enzyme cytochrome p450 2A6 (CYP2A6), encoded by the highly polymorphic CYP2A6 gene, with genotypes strongly associated with nicotine clearance and the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), defined as OHCot:cotinine (2). Other factors, including ethnicity, sex, hormones, smoking intensity, mentholated cigarettes, alcohol use, BMI, are weak predictors of NMR, and account for less than 8 % of NMR variation (3). Thus, NMR, OHCot/cotinine ratio, is a marker of CYP2A6 activity, and individuals can be categorized into “slow” versus “normal/fast metabolizers” based on their NMR value. The status of “slow metabolizer” has been associated with less nicotine dependence, lower smoking intensity, higher rates of smoking cessation and lower risk of lung cancer (2).
Method: LC-MS/MS

Indication(s)

Assessment of smoking status and tobacco exposure. Guiding smoking cessation pharmacotherapy.
The NMR, OHCot/cotinine ratio, is a marker of CYP2A6 activity. Based on NMR, individuals are categorized as “slow” versus “normal/fast metabolizers”.

Specimen, collection and processing

Matrix: Serum, EDTA plasma and urine
Volume: Minimum volume is 60 µL, but 200 µL is optimal and allows reanalysis.
Preparation and stability: The literature on stability of OHCot is inconsistent.

Transportation

Frozen, on dry ice. (for general instruction on transportation, click here)

Reported values, interpretation

The information below applies to measurement in serum or plasma.
Concentrations relative to cotinine, with OHCot/cotininine ratio (NMR) ranging from 0.02-0.90. Smokers are classified as as slow (NMR < 0.31) or normal (NMR ≥ 0.31) metabolizers.
NMR is determined by CYP2A6 genotype. Other (weak) determinants are no source of misclassification. Nicotine patches and snuff give very high circulating concentrations of both cotinine and OHCot.
Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC):0.85 (4).

Literature

1. Midttun, O., Hustad, S., and Ueland, P.M. (2009). Quantitative profiling of biomarkers related to B-vitamin status, tryptophan metabolism and inflammation in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Sp 23, 1371-79.
2. Tanner, J. A., and Tyndale, R. F. (2017) Variation in CYP2A6 activity and personalized medicine. Journal of personalized medicine 7, E18.
3. Chenoweth, M.J., Novalen, M., Hawk, L.W., Schnoll, R.A., George, T.P., Cinciripini, P.M., Lerman, C., and Tyndale, R.F. (2014). Known and novel sources of variability in the nicotine metabolite ratio in a large sample of treatment-seeking smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 23, 1773-782.
4. Hamilton, D.A., Mahoney, M.C., Novalen, M., Chenoweth, M.J., Heitjan, D.F., Lerman, C., Tyndale, R.F., and Hawk, L.W. (2015). Test-retest reliability and stability of the nicotine metabolite ratio among treatment-seeking smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 17, 1505-09.

Scroll to Top
Cardiometabolic
Inflammation
Microbiome
Nutrition
Categories

Amino acids, amino acid catabolites, acylcarnitines, TCA metabolites, ketone bodies, AGEs



Kynurenines, ratio-derived metabolites, proteins





SCFAs, indoles, choline metabolites, amino acid derived





B-vitamins, functional markers, and methyl donors, fat-soluble vitamins, essential amino acids, meat & fish intake, tobacco use & coffee intake
Biomarkers (n)
65
19
20
41
View

Amino acids: Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Kynurenine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Ornithine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Sarcosine, Serine, Threonine, Total cysteine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine

Amino acid catabolites: 2-Aminoadipic acid, 2-Hydroxybutyrate, 3-Hydroxysiobutyrate, α-Hydroxyglutaric acid, β-Alanine, β-Aminoisobutyrate, β-Hydroxy B-methylbutyric acid, Phenylacetylglutamine

Acylcarnities: BB, C0, C2, C3, C3-DC, C4, C4-OH, C4-DC, iC5, C5-DC, C5:1, C6, C8, C10, C12, C14, C14-OH, C16, C16-OH, C18, C18-OH, C18:1, C18:2

TCA metabolites: α-Ketoglutarate, Citrate, Fumarate, Isocitrate, Lactate, Malate, Pyruvate

Ketone bodies: Acetoacetate, 3-Hydroxybutyrate

AGEs: Carboxyethyllysine, Carboxymethyllysine

View

Kynurenines: 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, Anthranilic acid, Kynurenine, Kynurenic acid, Nicotinic acid, Nicotinamide, N1-methylnicotinamide, Picolinic acid, Quinaldic acid, Quinolinic acid, Xanthurenic acid

Neopterin

Proteins: C-Reactive protein, Calprotectin, Serum Amyloid A

Ratio-derived: Kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, PAr index (PLP, PL, PA)

View

SCFAs: Acetate, Butyrate, Formate, Isobutyrate, Isovalerate, Propionate, Valerate, α-Methylbutyrate

Indoles: 3-Indoxyl sulfate, Imidazole propionate, Indole-3-acetamide, Indole-3-acetate, Indole-3-aldehyde, Indole-3-lactate, Indole-3-propionate

Choline metabolites: Choline, Betaine, DMG, TMAO

Amino acid derived: Phenylacetylglutamine

View

B-vitamins, functional markers, and methyl donors: 4-Pyridoxic acid, Betaine, Choline, Cobalamin, Flavin mononucleotide, Folate, Methylmalonic acid, N1-methylnicotinamide, Nicotinamide, Nicotinic acid, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Pyridoxine, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Thiamine monophosphate, Total homocysteine

Fat-soluble vitamins: 25-hydroxy vitamin D2, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, α-Tocopherol (Vit. E), All-trans retinol (Vit. A), Phylloquinone (Vit. K1), y-Tocopherol (Vit. E)

Essential amino acids: Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine

Meat and fish intake: 1-Methylhistidine, 3-Methylhistidine, B-Alanine, Creatine, Creatinine, TMAO

Tobacco use and coffee intake: Cotinine, Trans-3-hydroxycotinine, Trigonelline

Volume (μl)
200
150
250
300
Analytical techniques
GC- and LC-MS/MS
LC- and MALDI-MS
GC- and LC-MS/MS
GC- and LC-MS/MS

Turnaround time

2-6 weeks, depending on number of samples and laboratory capacity.
Please contact us for a projected time estimate specific to your project.

Olink Proteomics

Please fill out the fields below (*required).
We will respond to you as soon as possible.
Thank you for reaching out to Bevital!

Customized analyses

Please fill out the fields below (*required).
We will reply to you soon for a detailed project discussion.
Thank you for reaching out to Bevital!

Mix-and-Match

Please fill out the fields below (*required).
Mobile phone users should rotate their screen.
We will respond to you as soon as possible.
Thank you for reaching out to Bevital!

Ready-to-Run

Please fill out the fields below (*required).
We will respond as soon as possible.
Thank you for reaching out to Bevital!

Thanks for joining!

Get updates about new method developments, publications and comming events.