ADMA is formed by methylation of protein l-arginine (L-ARG) residues in vivo, is largely eliminated by metabolism (catalyzed by DDAH) and also excreted into the urine. It is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which catalyses the synthesis of NO from arginine. Elevated plasma ADMA has been observed in patients with cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction, diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, preeclampsia, and plasma ADMA is correlated with several traditional and non-traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including plasma total homocysteine and cholesterol (2).
Assessment of endothelial function and cardiovascular risk.
Patient/subject: ADMA concentration is unaffected by most diets.
Matrix: EDTA plasma and serum.
Volume: Minimum volume is 50 µL, but 200 µL is optimal and allows reanalysis.
Preparation: The blood sample must be centrifuged and the plasma/serum fraction put on ice, and frozen.
Frozen, on dry ice. (for general instruction on transportation, click here)
Reported values: 0.4-1.0 µmol/L.
Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.53. The relatively low ICC is mainly attributed to the low between-subject variability.
1. Midttun, O., Kvalheim, G., and Ueland, P.M. (2013). High-throughput, low-volume, multianalyte quantification of plasma metabolites related to one-carbon metabolism using HPLC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 405, 2009-017.
2. Tousoulis, D., Georgakis, M., Oikonomou, E., Papageorgiou, N., Zaromitidou, M., Latsios, G., Papaioannou, S., and Siasos, G. (2015). Asymmetric dimethylarginine: Clinical significance and novel therapeutic approaches. Curr Med Chem 22, 2871-2901.
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Amino acids: Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Kynurenine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Ornithine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Sarcosine, Serine, Threonine, Total cysteine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine
Amino acids and catabolites: 2-Aminoadipic acid, 2-Hydroxybutyrate, 3-Hydroxysiobutyrate, α-Hydroxyglutaric acid, β-Alanine, β-Aminoisobutyrate, β-Hydroxy B-methylbutyric acid, Phenylacetylglutamine
Acylcarnities: BB, C0, C2, C3, C3, DC, C4, C4-OH , C4-DC , iC5 , C5-DC, C5:1 , C6 , C8, C10, C12, C14 , C14-OH, C16, C16-OH, C18 , C18-OH, C18:1, C18:2
TCA metabolites: α-Ketoglutarate, Citrate, Fumarate, Isocitrate, Lactate, Malate, Pyruvate, Ketone bodies, 3-Hydroxybutyrate, Acetoacetate
AGEs: Carboxyethyllysine, Carboxymethyllysine
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Kynurenines: Kynurenine, Kynurenic acid, Quinaldic acid, Anthranilic acid, 3-Hydroxykynurenine, Xanthurenic acid, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, Picolinic acid, Quinolinic acid, Nicotinic acid, Nicotinamide, N1-methylnicotinamide
Neopterin
Proteins: C-Reactive protein, Calprotectin, Serum Amyloid A
Ratio-derived: Kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, PAr index (PLP, PL, PA)
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SCFAs: Acetate, Butyrate, Formate, Isobutyrate, Isovalerate, Propionate, Valerate, α-Methylbutyrate
Indoles: 3-Indoxyl sulfate, Imidazole propionate, Indole-3-acetamide, Indole-3-acetate, Indole-3-aldehyde, Indole-3-lactate, Indole-3-propionate
Choline metabolites: Choline ,Betaine, DMG, TMAO
Amino acid derived: Phenylacetylglutamine
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B-vitamins, functional markers, and methyl donors: 4-Pyridoxic acid, Betaine, Choline, Cobalamin, Flavin mononucleotide, Folate, Methylmalonic acid, N1-methylnicotinamide, Nicotinamide, Nicotinic acid, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Pyridoxine, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Thiamine monophosphate, Total homocysteine
Fat-soluble vitamins: 25-hydroxy vitamin D2, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, α-Tocopherol (Vit. E), All-trans retinol (Vit. A), Phylloquinone (Vit. K1), y-Tocopherol (Vit. E)
Essential amino acids: Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine
Meat and fish intake: 1-Methylhistidine, 3-Methylhistidine, B-Alanine, Creatine, Creatinine, TMAO
Tobacco use and coffee intake: Cotinine, Trans-3-hydroxycotinine, Trigonelline
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