Inflammation &
Immune Activation
19 biomarkers of 4 different classes from 150μl sample volume on LC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF MS platforms. 25 protein isoforms included. Contact our experts for any questions or inquiries.
Why did we design this panel?
We developed this targeted metabolomics panel for investigating inflammation and immune activation to precisely quantify specific metabolites, identify reliable biomarkers, and gain insights into underlying biochemical pathways. This approach supports basic, clinical and epidemiological research as well as:
Early Detection of Inflammatory Conditions: The panel helps detect inflammation-related diseases early, such as autoimmune diseases, infections, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers, even before symptoms become prominent.
Precise Diagnosis: By measuring multiple inflammation-related markers, this panel allows for more accurate differentiation between types of inflammatory conditions, improving diagnostic accuracy.
Monitoring Disease Activity: Longitudinal analysis can track the level and progression of inflammation, which is particularly useful in chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and lupus.
Evaluating Treatment Effectiveness: The inflammation panel assists in assessing how well a treatment is working by showing changes in inflammation levels, allowing clinicians to adjust therapies to the individual’s needs.
Reducing Risk of Disease Complications: Chronic inflammation is linked to complications such as cardiovascular disease and organ damage. The panel can help to identify and mitigate these risks early.
Enhancing Personalized Medicine: The inflammation panel provides insights into the specific inflammatory pathways active in an individual, enabling more targeted treatment choices.
Integration with Other Health Data: When combined with other panels or omics data, this panel provides a broader understanding of an individual’s health, helping uncover the underlying causes of inflammation and informing preventive or therapeutic approaches.
Applications: Autoimmune diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, chronic kidney disease, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary diseases.
Kynurenines
12 markers by LC-MS/MS
Kynurenines are pivotal in numerous physiological processes, including immune regulation, neurotransmission, redox balance, energy metabolism, mental health, and cancer biology. Kynurenine (Kyn) is formed from the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp). One enzyme involved in this reaction is indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which is upregulated by various cytokines, in particular INF-gamma. This explains why immune activation leads to formation of kynurenine and depletion of tryptophan. Thus, the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR) is a marker of cellular (Th-1 type) immune response.
3-Hydroxykynurenine, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, Anthranilic acid, Kynurenine, Kynurenic acid, Nicotinic acid, Nicotinamide, N1-methylnicotinamide, Picolinic acid, Quinaldic acid, Quinolinic acid, Xanthurenic acid, Kynurenine/tryptophan ratio
Neopterin
1 marker by LC-MS/MS
Neopterin, a pyrazino-pyrimidine compound, is synthesized by monocytes and macrophages in response to interferon-𝛾 (IFN-γ) produced by activated T-cells. Both total neopterin and neopterin reflect cellular immune response, because IFN-γ induces a step that precedes formation of 7,8-dihydroneopterin in the neopterin pathway. Increased concentrations are observed in infections, autoimmune diseases, malignant tumour diseases and in allograft rejection episodes. Neopterin in serum/plasma shows a strong, positive relation to total homocysteine and to the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR).
PAr index
3 markers by LC-MS/MS
PAr index is the ratio of 4-pyridoxic acid divided by the sum of pyridoxal 5´-phosphate plus pyridoxal (PA:(PLP+PL)). Inflammatory markers account for more than 90 % of the explained variance of PAr, which efficiently discriminates subjects with high inflammatory status. It is only slightly influenced by vitamin B6 intake and reflects increased vitamin B6 catabolism during inflammation.
PAr index (PLP, PL, PA)
Proteins
3 markers by MALDI-MS including 25 proteoforms
CRP is produced in hepatocytes, mainly under the transcriptional control of cytokines, IL-6 and IL-1. CRP is a major acute-phase reactant and the most important marker for the diagnosis of systemic inflammation in clinical practice. During an acute immune response, levels can increase more than 1000-fold and peak after about 48 h. Low levels of the so-called high-sensitivity (hs- ) CRP below 10 μg/mL are typically found in the general population. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is another key acute-phase protein and is coded by four different genes. SAA production occurs in the liver and is driven by IL- 6, IL-1, and TNF-α. During acute inflammation, SAA is secreted into the circulation where concentrations could increase more than 1000-fold compared to normal values of <5 μg/mL. Calprotectin is a heterocomplex of S100A8 and S100A9, and belongs to endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which are intracellular molecules that amplify an immune response and promote inflammation by interaction with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Elevated blood levels have been associated with various inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, CVD, metabolic syndrome, and different types of cancer.
C-Reactive protein, Calprotectin, Serum Amyloid A